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Major and Trace Elements in Zooplankton from the Northern Gulf of California During Summer

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Abstract

We report the distribution of major and trace element concentrations in epipelagic zooplankton collected in the Northern Gulf of California in August 2003. The Bray–Curtis index defined three element assemblages in zooplankton: (1) major metals, which included only two elements, Na (3.6–17.0%) and Ca (1.0–4.8%). Na had its highest concentrations in the shallow tidally mixed Upper Gulf, where high salinity, temperature, and zooplankton biomass (dominated by copepods) prevailed. Ca showed its highest concentrations south of Ballenas Channel, characterized by tidal mixing and convergence-induced upwelling, indicated by low sea-surface temperature, salinity, and zooplankton biomass; (2) Six biological essential elements, like Fe (80–9,100 mg kg−1) and Zn (20–2,570 mg kg−1), were detected in high concentrations in zooplankton collected near Guaymas Basin, which had high surface temperature and chlorophyll a concentrations. (3) Metals of terrigenous origin, such as Sc (0.01–1.4 mg kg−1) and Th (0.03–2.3 mg kg−1), and redox-sensitive metals, like Co (3–23.8 mg kg−1); this was the assemblage with the largest number of elements (15). Both types of elements of assemblage 3 had maximum concentrations in the cyclonic eddy that dominates the summer circulation in the Northern region. We concluded that sediment resuspension by tidal mixing in the Upper Gulf, upwelling south of Ballenas Channel, and the cyclonic eddy were key oceanographic features that affected the element concentrations of epipelagic zooplankton in the Northern Gulf of California. Oceanographic mechanisms such as these may contribute to element incorporation in marine organisms in other seas.

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Acknowledgments

This work was funded by CONACyT–Ciencia Básica research projects CB-2005-01-50421 and 2008-105922, and by CGPI-Instituto Politécnico Nacional (research projects 20090578 and 20100670). We thank Alma Rosa Padilla (Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México) for her help in the acquisition of physical data, and Carlos Cabrera (CICESE) for his help in the analysis of satellite SST and chlorophyll a images.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Avenida IPN s/n, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, Apdo. Postal 592, La Paz, Baja California Sur, 23096, Mexico

    Margarita Elena Rentería-Cano, Laura Sánchez-Velasco, Evgueni Shumilin & Jaime Gómez-Gutiérrez

  2. Departamento de Oceanografía Física, CICESE, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada 3918, Zona Playitas, Ensenada, Baja California, 22860, Mexico

    Miguel F. Lavín

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  1. Margarita Elena Rentería-Cano
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  2. Laura Sánchez-Velasco
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  3. Evgueni Shumilin
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  4. Miguel F. Lavín
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Correspondence to Laura Sánchez-Velasco.

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Rentería-Cano, M.E., Sánchez-Velasco, L., Shumilin, E. et al. Major and Trace Elements in Zooplankton from the Northern Gulf of California During Summer. Biol Trace Elem Res 142, 848–864 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-010-8820-0

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