Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Sodium Zeolite A Supplementation and Its Impact on the Skeleton of Dairy Calves

  • Published:
Biological Trace Element Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Twenty calves were placed on study at 3 days of age and were placed according to birth order into one of two groups: SS, which received 0.05% BW sodium zeolite A (SZA) added to their milk replacer, and CO, which received only milk replacer. Blood samples were taken on days 0, 30, and 60 for osteocalcin (OC) and deoxypyridinoline (DPD) analysis. On day 60, the calves were euthanized, and synovial fluid, articular cartilage, and both fused metacarpals were collected for bone quality analyses such as architecture and mechanical properties, mineral composition, and glycosaminoglycan concentration. There were no differences in OC concentrations because of treatment (p = 0.12), and CO calves had lower DPD concentrations than SS calves (p = 0.01), but the OC-to-DPD ratio was not different between treatments (p = 0.98). No differences in bone architecture or mechanical properties were detected. SZA supplementation increased cortical bone (p = 0.0002) and articular cartilage (p = 0.05) aluminum content. Glycosaminoglycan concentrations were not different in synovial fluid or cartilage. Supplementation of SZA appeared to alter the rate of bone turnover without altering bone strength. Aluminum concentrations in the bone and cartilage increased, which may be a concern, although the long-term consequences of such remain to be determined.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Thilsing-Hansen T, Jorgensen RJ, Enemark JM, Larsen T (2002)The effect of zeolite A supplementation in the dry period on periparturient calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium homeostasis. J Dairy Sci 85:1855–1862

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Carlisle ME (1972) Silicon: an essential element for the chick. Science 178:619–621

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Schwarz K, Milne DB (1972) Growth-promoting effects of silicon in rats. Nature 239:333–334

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Carlisle EM (1980) Biochemical and morphological changes associated with long bone abnormalities in silicon deficiencies. J Nutr 10:1046–1056

    Google Scholar 

  5. Nielsen FH, Poellot R (2004) Dietary silicon affects bone turnover differently in ovariectomized and sham-operated growing rats. J Trace Elem Exper Med 17:137–149

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Carlisle EM (1976) In vivo requirement for silicon in articular cartilage and connective tissue formation in the chick. J Nutr 106:478–484

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Carlisle EM (1974) Silicon as an essential element. Fed Proc 33:1758–1766

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Carlise EM (1981) Silicon: a requirement in bone formation independent of vitamin D1. Calcif Tissue Int 33:27–34

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Carlisle EM (1980) A silicon requirement for normal skull formation. J Nutr 10:352–359

    Google Scholar 

  10. Nielsen BD, Potter GD, Morris EL, Odom TW, Senor DM, Reynolds JA, Smith WB, Martin MT, Bird EH (1993) Training distance to failure in young racing Quarter Horses fed sodium zeolite A. J Equine Vet Sci 13:562–567

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Lang KJ, Nielsen BD, Waite KL, Hill GM, Orth MW (2001) Supplemental silicon increases plasma and milk silicon concentrations in horses. J Anim Sci 79:2627–2633

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Lang KJ, Nielsen BD, Waite KL, Link J, Hill GM, Orth MW (2001) Increased plasma silicon concentrations and altered bone resorption in response to sodium zeolite A supplementation in yearling horses. J Equine Vet Sci 21:550–555

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Ward TL, Watkins KL, Southern LL, Hoyt PG, French DD (1991) Interactive effects of sodium zeolite-A and copper in growing swine: growth, and bone and mineral tissue concentrations. J Anim Sci 69:726–733

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. ASAE (2000) Shear and three-point bending test of animal bone, in ASAE STANDARDS. ANSI/ASAE Standard S459 Amer Soc Agri Eng St Joseph, MI

  15. Burstein D, Gray M (2003) Potential of molecular imaging of cartilage. Sports Med Arthro 11:182–191

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Bashir A, Gray ML, Hartke J, Burstein D (1999) Nondestructive imaging of human cartilage glycosaminoglycan concentration by MRI. Magn Reson Med 41:857–865

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Crowe NA, Neathery MW, Miller WJ, Muse LA, Crowe CT, Varnadoe JL, Blackmon DM (1990) Influence of high dietary aluminum on performance and phosphorus bioavailability in dairy calves. J Dairy Sci 73:808–818

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. van Landeghem GF, de Broe ME, d’Haese PC (1998) Al and Si: their speciation, distribution, and toxicity. Clin Biochem 31:385–397

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Krueger GL, Morris TK, Suskind RR, Widner EM (1985) The health effects of aluminum compounds in mammals. CRC Crit Rev Tox 13:1–24

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Boyce BF, Elder HY, Elliot HL, Fogelman I, Fell GS, Junor BJ, Beastall G, Boyle IT (1982) Hypercalcaemic osteomalacia due to aluminum toxicity. Lancet 2:1009–1012

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Chazan JA, Libbey NP, London MR, Pono L, Abuelo JG (1991) The clinical spectrum of renal osteodystrophy in 57 chronic hemodialysis patients: a correlation between biochemical parameters and bone pathology findings. Clin Nephrol 35:78–85

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Jeffrey EH, Abreo K, Burgess E, Cannata J, Greger JL (1996) Systemic aluminum toxicity: effects on bone, hematopoietic tissue, and kidney. J Toxicol Environ Health 48:649–665

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Kausz AT, Antonsen JE, Hercz G, Pei Y, Weiss NS, Emerson S, Sherrard DJ (1999) Screening plasma aluminum levels in relation to aluminum bone disease among asymptomatic dialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 34:688–693

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Goodman WG (1986) Experimental aluminum-induced bone disease: Studies in vivo. Kidney Int 29:S32–S36

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Coleman PJ, Scott D, Mason RM, Levick JR (1999) Characterization of the effect of high molecular weight hyaluronan on trans-synovial flow in rabbit knees. J Physiol 514:265–282

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Balazs EA (1982) The physical properties of synovial fluid and the special role of hyaluronic acid. In: Helfet AJ (ed) Disorders of the knee. Lippincott, Philadelphia, PA, pp 61–75

    Google Scholar 

  27. Chary-Valckenaere I, Fener P, Jouzeau JY, Netter P, Payan E, Floquet J, Burnel D, Kessler M, Pourel J, Gaucher A (1994) Experimental articular toxicity of aluminum compounds in vivo. J Rheumatol 21:1542–1547

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Eisinger J, Clairet D (1993) Effects of silicon, fluoride, etidronate and magnesium on bone mineral density: a retrospective study. Magnes Res 6:247–249

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824, USA

    K. K. Turner, B. D. Nielsen, C. I. O’Connor-Robison & M. W. Orth

  2. Department of Large Animal Clinical Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824, USA

    D. S. Rosenstein

  3. Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824, USA

    B. P. Marks

  4. US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, 58202, USA

    F. H. Nielsen

  5. E.L. Rhodes Center, Animal and Dairy Science Department, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA

    K. K. Turner

Authors
  1. K. K. Turner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. B. D. Nielsen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. C. I. O’Connor-Robison
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. D. S. Rosenstein
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. B. P. Marks
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. F. H. Nielsen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. M. W. Orth
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to K. K. Turner.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Turner, K.K., Nielsen, B.D., O’Connor-Robison, C.I. et al. Sodium Zeolite A Supplementation and Its Impact on the Skeleton of Dairy Calves. Biol Trace Elem Res 121, 149–159 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-007-8040-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-007-8040-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation