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The Influence of Nonionic Surfactant Adsorption on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Oil Palm Fruit Bunch

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Abstract

Nonionic surfactants have been utilized to improve the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials. However, the role of surfactant adsorption affecting enzymatic hydrolysis has not been elaborated well. In this work, nonionic surfactants differing in their molecular structures, namely the polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80), the secondary alcohol ethoxylate (Tergitol 15-S-9), and the branched alcohol ethoxylate (Tergitol TMN-6), were studied for their effects on the enzymatic hydrolysis of palm fruit bunch (PFB). The PFB was pretreated with a 10% w/v sodium hydroxide solution and then hydrolyzed using the cellulase enzyme from Trichoderma reesei (ATCC 26921) at 50 °C and pH 5. The optimal conditions providing similar yields of reducing sugar required Tween 80 and Tergitol TMN-6 at 0.25% w/v, while Tergitol 15-S-9 was required at 0.1% w/v. All the surfactants improved the enzymatic conversion efficiency and reduced unproductive binding of the enzyme to lignin. In addition, the adsorption isotherm of cellulase was fit well by the Freundlich isotherm, while adsorption of the three nonionic surfactants agreed well with the Langmuir isotherm. Adsorption capacities of the three nonionic surfactants were consistent with their enhancement efficiencies in hydrolysis. The critical micelle concentration was observed as a key property of nonionic surfactant for adsorption capacity.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to acknowledge the material support by the Southern Palm (1978) Co., Ltd.; the grant support through the Songklanakarin Graduate Student Scholarship from the Prince of Songkla University (PSU), Graduate School Research Support Funding; facilities and equipment support from the Discipline of Excellence in Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering; and the Bio-gas and research center in Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University. In addition, this work was supported by the Thailand Research Fund (TRF) through research Grant Number MRG5480070 to the corresponding author and by a TRF Senior Research Grant (RTA5780008) to Prof. Sumaeth Chavadej. Center of Excellence on Petrochemicals and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University, under the Ministry of Education (Thailand), is also acknowledged for providing research facilities.

Funding

This work was financially supported by the Songklanakarin Graduate Student Scholarship from the Prince of Songkla University (PSU), the Thailand Research Fund (TRF) (Grant Number MRG5480070 to the corresponding author), and a TRF Senior Research Gant (Grant Number RTA5780008) to Prof. Sumaeth Chavadej.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand

    Jatuporn Parnthong & Suratsawadee Kungsanant

  2. The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chula 12, Phayathai Rd, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand

    Sumaeth Chavadej

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  1. Jatuporn Parnthong
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  2. Suratsawadee Kungsanant
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  3. Sumaeth Chavadej
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Correspondence to Suratsawadee Kungsanant.

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Parnthong, J., Kungsanant, S. & Chavadej, S. The Influence of Nonionic Surfactant Adsorption on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Oil Palm Fruit Bunch. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 186, 895–908 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-018-2783-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-018-2783-6

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