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Mechanism of Fenpropathrin Resistance in Red Spider Mite, Oligonychus coffeae (Acarina: Tetranychidae), Infesting Tea [Camellia sinensis L. (O. Kuntze)]

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Abstract

Red spider mite (RSM), Oligonychus coffeae (Nietner) (Acarina: Tetranychidae), has gained special attention in view of their widespread occurrence as a pest on tea [Camellia sinensis L. (O. Kuntze)]. The development of acaricide (fenpropathrin) resistance has been screened in field populations (FPs) of RSMs from different tea-growing regions of south India and compared with a laboratory-susceptible population (SP) based on toxicity bioassay, detoxifying enzyme activities, analysis of acetylcholine esterase gene (AChE, 2064 bp), and their expression pattern using semiquantitative RT-PCR. The increased resistance ratio (RR, 1.39 to 2.13) in LC50 of fenpropathrin observed in field populations of RSM provides a baseline for screening the development of resistance to fenpropathrin. This resistance developed due to hyperexpression of detoxifying enzymes, i.e., esterase (RR of 1.43 to 2.53) and glutathione S-transferase (RR of 1.11 to 1.86), and overexpression of AChE gene at 1.4 to 2.7-fold. These results necessitate molecular studies and warrant the continuous monitoring of acaricide susceptibility and resistance pattern in order to analyze the usefulness of AChE gene as target for developing alternate pest control strategies and management of pesticide resistance in tea ecosystem.

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Abbreviations

SP:

Susceptible population

FP:

Field population

ER:

Expression ratio

GST:

Glutathione S-transferase

PAGE:

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

RR:

Resistance ratio

RSM:

Red spider mite

RT-PCR:

Reverse transcribed-polymerase chain reaction

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to Dr. P. Mohan Kumar, Director, UPASI Tea Research Foundation, Valparai and Dr. N. Muraleedharan, Advisor, Tea Research Association, Toklai, India, for their encouragement and support during the course of this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Entomology, Regional Coffee Research Station, Thandigudi, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, 624216, India

    Roobakkumar Amsalingam

  2. Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Karpagam University, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Eachanari Post, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641021, India

    Prabu Gajjeraman

  3. Division of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, UPASI-Tea Research Foundation, Nirar Dam B.P. O, Valparai, Tamil Nadu, 642127, India

    Nisha Sam

  4. Department of Zoology, TKM College of Arts and Science, Kollam, Kerala, India

    Vattakandy Jasin Rahman

  5. Tea Research Association, North Bengal Regional Research and Development Centre, Nagrakata, Jalpaiguri District, West Bengal, 735225, India

    Babu Azariah

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  1. Roobakkumar Amsalingam
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Correspondence to Prabu Gajjeraman.

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Amsalingam, R., Gajjeraman, P., Sam, N. et al. Mechanism of Fenpropathrin Resistance in Red Spider Mite, Oligonychus coffeae (Acarina: Tetranychidae), Infesting Tea [Camellia sinensis L. (O. Kuntze)]. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 181, 548–561 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-016-2230-5

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