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Extract from Eugenia punicifolia is an Antioxidant and Inhibits Enzymes Related to Metabolic Syndrome

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Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate in vitro biological activities of extract of Eugenia punicifolia leaves (EEP), emphasizing the inhibitory activity of enzymes related to metabolic syndrome and its antioxidant effects. The antioxidant activity was analyzed by free radicals scavengers in vitro assays: DPPH·, ABTS·+, O2 ·−, and NO· and a cell-based assay. EEP were tested in inhibitory colorimetric assays using α-amylase, α-glucosidase, xanthine oxidase, and pancreatic lipase enzymes. The EEP exhibited activity in ABTS·+, DPPH·, and O2 ·− scavenger (IC50 = 10.5 ± 1.2, 28.84 ± 0.54, and 38.12 ± 2.6 μg/mL), respectively. EEP did not show cytotoxic effects, and it showed antioxidant activity in cells in a concentration-dependent manner. EEP exhibited inhibition of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and xanthine oxidase activities in vitro assays (IC50 = 122.8 ± 6.3; 2.9 ± 0.1; 23.5 ± 2.6), respectively; however, EEP did not inhibit the lipase activity. The findings supported that extract of E. punicifolia leaves is a natural antioxidant and inhibitor of enzymes, such as α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and xanthine oxidase, which can result in a reduction in the carbohydrate absorption rate and decrease of risks factors of cardiovascular disease, thereby providing a novel dietary opportunity for the prevention of metabolic syndrome.

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Abbreviations

EEP:

Standardized extract of Eugenia punicifolia leaves

MS:

Metabolic syndrome

DPPH·:

2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl

ABTS+ :

2,2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid

O2 ·− :

Anion superoxide radical

NO·:

Nitric oxide

HDL:

High-density lipoprotein

LDL:

Low-density lipoprotein

NBT:

Nitroblue tetrazolium

NADH:

Nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide

PMS:

Phenazine methasulfate

DCFH-DA:

2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate

TP:

Total polyphenol

NTF:

Non-tannin fraction

ES:

Extractive solution

TTC:

Total tannin content

DF:

Dilution factor

DMEM:

Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium

FBS:

Fetal bovine serum

4-NPGP:

4-nitrophenyl α-d-glucopyranoside

XO:

Xanthine oxidase

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (FAPEAM) for the financial support of this research. ESL is member of the INCT of Processes Redox in Biomedicina-Redoxoma (MCT/CNPq). APAB received a grant from DCR/CNPq/FAPEAM. Thanks to Célio Maia Chaves from EMBRAPA for the Eugenia punicifolia plant material donation and to Jim Hesson of AcademicEnglishSolutions.com for proofreading the English.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Rua Alexandre Amorim, 330, 69010-300, Aparecida, Manaus, AM, Brazil

    Ana Paula de Araújo Boleti, Arleilson Sousa Lima, Patricia Danielle Oliveira de Almeida, Carolina Carvalho Pacheco, Tatiane Pereira de Souza & Emerson Silva Lima

  2. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Laboratório de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av. Gen. Rodrigo Octávio Jordão Ramos, 3000, Coroado, Manaus, AM, Brazil

    Denise Morais Lopes Galeno & Rosany Piccolotto Carvalho

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  1. Denise Morais Lopes Galeno
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Correspondence to Emerson Silva Lima.

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Galeno, D.M.L., Carvalho, R.P., de Araújo Boleti, A.P. et al. Extract from Eugenia punicifolia is an Antioxidant and Inhibits Enzymes Related to Metabolic Syndrome. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 172, 311–324 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-013-0520-8

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