Abstract
The appearance of chromium in the aqueous effluent is a major concern for the modern industry. In this work, Mesorhizobium amorphae strain CCNWGS0123 was investigated as a biosorbent to remove chromium from aqueous solutions. The optimum pH for Cr(III) and Cr(VI) biosorption were 4 and 2, respectively. This isolate showed an experimental maximum Cr(III) adsorption capacity of 53.52 mg L−1, while the result was 47.67 mg L−1 for Cr(VI), with an initial 100 mg L−1 Cr ions and 1.0 g L−1 biomass. In terms of time equilibrium, Cr(III) ion was more readily adsorbed than Cr(VI) by this isolate. The biosorption data of both ions fit the Langmuir isotherm better than that of Freundlich model. Meanwhile, this organism exhibited a good capability to release Cr ions, with desorption efficiency of 70 % for Cr(III) and 76 % for Cr(VI). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that –OH, –COO, –NH, amide I, and C=O were involved in Cr(III) and Cr(VI) binding. The biosorbent was further characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, which indicated an accumulation of chromium on the cellular level. In the binary mixtures, the removal ratio of total Cr and Cr(III) increased from pH 2 to 4. The highest removal ratio of the total Cr was observed in the 25/25 mg L−1 mixture at pH 4. In addition, the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) was closely influenced by Cr(III) in the mixture, decreasing to 23.57 mg g−1 in the 100/100 mg L−1 mixture system, due to the competition of Cr(III). The potential usage of the chromium-resistant rhizobium for the remediation of chromium-contaminated effluents has been demonstrated based on the above results.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Park, D. H., Yun, Y. S., et al. (2006). Biosorption process for treatment of electroplating wastewater containing Cr(VI): laboratory-scale feasibility test. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 45(14), 5059–5065.
Gooloka, M. C. (1995). Toxic and mutagenic effects of chromium (VI): a review. Polyhedron, 15, 3667–3689.
Kaufaman, D. B. (1970). Acute potassium dichromate poisoning in man. American journal of disease of children, 119, 374–381.
Kimbrough, D. E., Cohen, Y., et al. (1999). A critical assessment of chromium in the environment. Environmental Science & Technology, 29, 1–46.
Baral, A., & Engelken, R. D. (2002). Chromium-based regulations and greening in metal finishing industries in the USA. Environmental Science Policy, 5(2), 121–133.
Wang, J. L., & Chen, C. (2009). Biosorbents for heavy metals removal and their future. Biotechnology Advances, 27(2), 195–226.
Lesmana, S. O., Febriana, N., et al. (2009). Studies on potential applications of biomass for the separation of heavy metals from water and wastewater. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 44(1), 19–41.
Davis, T. A., & Volesky, B. (2003). A review of the biochemistry of heavy metal biosorption by brown algae. Water Research, 37, 4311–4330.
Srinath, T., Verma, T., et al. (2002). Chromium (VI) biosorption and bioaccumulation by chromate resistant bacteria. Chemosphere, 48, 427–435.
Dowine, A. (1997). Fixing a symbiotic circle. Nature, 387, 352–353.
Carrasco, J. A., Armario, P., et al. (2005). Isolation and characteristic of symbiotically effective rhizobium resistance to arsenic and heavy metals after the toxic spill at the Aznalcollar pyrite mine. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 37, 1131–1140.
Chaudri, A. M., McGrath, S. P., et al. (2006). Screening of isolates and strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii for heavy metal resistance using buffered media. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 12(9), 1643–1651.
Wu, C. H., Wood, T. K., et al. (2006). Engineering plant-microbe symbiosis for rhizoremediation of heavy metals. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 72(2), 1129–1134.
Sriprang, R., Hayashi, M., et al. (2002). A novel bioremediation system for heavy metal using the symbiosis between leguminous plant and genetically engineered rhizobia. Journal of Biotechnology, 99, 279–293.
Ike, A., Sriprang, R., et al. (2007). Bioremediation of cadium contaminated soil using symbiosis between leguminous plant and recombinant rhizobia with the MTL4 and the PCS genes. Chemosphere, 66, 1670–1676.
Hao, X. L., & Lin, Y. B. (2012). Draft genome sequence of plant growth-promoting rhizobium Mesorhizobium amorphae, isolated from zinc-lead mine tailings. Journal of Bacteriology, 194(3), 736–737.
Mohamad, O. A., Hao, X. L., et al. (2012) Biosorption of copper (II) from aqueous solution using non-living Mesorhizobium amorphae strain CCNWGS0123. Microbes Environment, 27, 234–241.
Gadd, G. M. (1990). Heavy metal accumulation by bacteria and other microorganisms. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 46(8), 834–840.
Kobya, M. (2004). Adsorption, kinetic and equilibrium studies of Cr(VI) by hazelnut shell activated carbon. Adsorption Science and Technology, 22, 51–64.
Bishnoi, N. R., Kumar, R., et al. (2007). Biosorption of Cr(III) from aqueous solution using algal biomass Spirogyra spp. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 145(1–2), 142–147.
Tobin, J. M., Cooper, D. G., et al. (1984). Uptake of metal ions by Rhizopus arrihizus biomass. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 4, 821–824.
Stöhr, C., Horst, J., et al. (2001). Application of the surface complex formation model to ion exchange equilibrium l part. V. Adsorption of heavy metal salts onto weakly basic anion exchangers. Reactive and Functional Polymers, 49, 117–132.
Murphy, V., Hughes, H., et al. (2007). Copper binding by dried biomass of red, green and brown macroalgae. Water Research, 41, 731–740.
Ma, W., Tobin, J. M., et al. (2004). Determination and modeling of effects of p H on peat biosorption of chromium, copper and cadmium. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 18(1), 33–40.
Cossich, E. S., Granhen, C. R., et al. (2002). Biosorption of chromium (III) by Sargassum sp. biomass. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, 5(2), 6–7.
Sari, A., Mendil, D., et al. (2008). Biosorption of Cd(II) and Cr(III) from aqueous solution by moss (Hylocomium splendens) biomass: equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies. Chemical Engineering Journal, 144(1), 1–9.
Wang, X. S., Qin, Y., et al. (2006). Removal of Ni(II), Zn(II) and Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by Alternanthera philoxeroides biomass. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 138(3), 582–588.
Vijayaraghavan, K., & Yun, Y. S. (2007). Chemical modification and immobilization of Corynebacterium glutamicum for biosorption of reactive black 5 from aqueous solution. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 46, 608–617.
Chen, J. P., Yang, L., et al. (2005). Chemical modification of Sargassum sp. for prevention of organic leaching and enhancement of uptake during metal biosorption. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 44, 9931–9942.
Murphy, V., Hughes, H., et al. (2008). Comparative study of chromium biossorption by red, green and brown seaweed biomass. Chemosphere, 70, 1128–1134.
Zubair, A., Bhatti, H. N., et al. (2008). Kinetic and equilibrium modeling for cr (iii) and cr (vi) removal from aqueous solutions by citrus reticulate waste biomass. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 91, 305–318.
Nasernejad, B., Zadeh, T. E., et al. (1996). The selective biosorption of chromium (VI) and copper (II) ions from binary metal mixtures by R. arrhizus. Process Biochemistry, 31(6), 561–572.
Ucun, H., Aksakal, O., et al. (2009). Copper (II) and zinc (II) biosorption on Pinus sylvestris. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 161(2–3), 1040–1045.
Li, H. F., Lin, Y. B., et al. (2010). Biosorption of Zn(II) by live and dead cells of Streptommyces ciscaucasicus strain CCNWHX72-14. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 179, 151–159.
Volesky, B. (2001). Detoxification of metal-bearing effluents: biosorption for the next century. Hydrometallurgy, 59(2–3), 203–216.
Chand, S., Agarwal, V. K., et al. (1994). Removal of hexavalent Cr from wastewater by adsorption. Journal of Environmental Health, 36, 151–158.
Blázquez, G., & Hernáinz, F. (2009). The effect of p H on the biosorption of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) with olive stone. Chemical Engineering Journal, 48(2–3), 473–479.
Kratochvil, D., Pimentel, P., et al. (1998). Removal of trivalent and hexavalent chromium by seaweed biosorbent. Environmental Science and Technology, 32, 2693–2698.
Kang, S. Y., Lee, J. U., et al. (2007). Biosorption of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) onto the cell surface of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 36, 54–58.
Langmuir (1918) The adsorption of gases on plane surfaces of glass, mica and platinum. Journal of American Chemical Society, 40, 1361.
Mckay, G., Blair, H. S., et al. (1982). Adsorption of dyes on chitin I. Equilibrium studies. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 27(8), 3043–3057.
Gupta, V. K., & Rastogi, A. (2005). Biosorption of copper (II) from aqueous solutions by Spirogyra species. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 296(1), 59–63.
Hammaini, A., González, F., et al. (2007). Biosorption of heavy metals by activated sludge and their desorption characteristics. Journal of Environmental Management, 84(4), 419–426.
Agarwal, G. S., Bhuptawat, H. K., et al. (2006). Biosorption of aqueous chromium(VI) by Tamarindus indica seeds. Bioresource Technology, 97(7), 949–956.
Blázquez, G., Hernáinz, F., et al. (2009). The effect of pH on the biosorption of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) with olive stone. Chemical Engineering Journal, 148(2–3), 473–479.
Park, D., Yun, Y., et al. (2004). Reduction of hexavalent chromium with the brown seaweed ecklonia biomass. Environmental Science and Technology, 38, 4860–4864.
Elangovan, R., Abhipsa, S., et al. (2006). Reduction of Cr(VI) by a Bacillus sp. Biotechnology Letters, 28, 247–252.
Kapoor, A., & Viraraghavan, T. (1997). Heavy metal biosorption sites in Aspergillus niger. Bioresource Technology, 61(3), 221–227.
Wang, S. X., Li, Y., et al. (2010). Adsorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions by Staphylococcus aureus biomass. Clean–Soil, Air, Water, 38(5–6), 500–505.
Loukidou, M. X., Zouboulis, A. I., et al. (2004). Equilibrium and kinetic modeling of chromium(VI) biosorption by Aeromonas caviae. Physicochemical and Engineering Aspect, 242, 93–104.
Shaili, S., & Indu, S. T. (2006). Biosorption potency of Aspergillus niger for removal of chromium (vi). Current Microbiology, 53, 232–237.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by projects from National Science Foundation of China (31125007, 30970003, 30900215, and 30630054). The authors are also grateful for the help from Dr. Elizabeth in editing the manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Supplementary Fig. 9
SEM and EDX analysis of Cr-loaded M. amorphae CCNWGS0123. a, b, and c stands for SEMgraphs of biomass loaded with no Cr, Cr(VI), and Cr(III), d, e, and f represents the EDX spectra of biomass loaded with no Cr, Cr(VI), and Cr(III), respectively (GIF 789 kb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Xie, P., Hao, X., Mohamad, O.A. et al. Comparative Study of Chromium Biosorption by Mesorhizobium amorphae Strain CCNWGS0123 in Single and Binary Mixtures. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 169, 570–587 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-012-9976-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-012-9976-1