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Synthesis of Cephalexin in Aqueous Medium with Carrier-bound and Carrier-free Penicillin Acylase Biocatalysts

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Abstract

The use of very high substrate concentrations favors the kinetically controlled synthesis of cephalexin with penicillin acylase (PA) not only by Michaelian considerations, but also because water activity is depressed, so reducing the rates of the competing reactions of product and acyl donor hydrolysis. Commercial PGA-450, glyoxyl agarose immobilized (PAIGA) and carrier-free cross-linked enzyme aggregates of penicillin acylase (PACLEA) were tested in aqueous media at concentrations close to the solubility of nucleophile and at previously determined enzyme to nucleophile and acid donor to nucleophile ratios. The best temperature and pH were determined for each biocatalyst based on an objective function considering conversion yield, productivity, and enzyme stability as evaluation parameters. Stability was higher with PAIGA and specific productivity higher with PACLEA, but best results based on such objective function were obtained with PGA-450. Yields were stoichiometric and productivities higher than those previously reported in organic medium, which implies significant savings in terms of costs and environmental protection. At the optimum conditions for the selected biocatalyst, operational stability was determined in sequential batch reactor operation. The experimental information gathered is being used for a technical and economic evaluation of an industrial process for enzymatic production of cephalexin in aqueous medium.

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Acknowledgments

This work was funded by Grant 1060428 from Fondecyt, Chile. The authors wish to thank Ms. Rosa Arrieta for her valuable analytical support

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, P.O. Box 4059, Valparaíso, Chile

    Andrés Illanes & Lorena Wilson

  2. Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Católica Ssma. Concepción, P.O. Box 297, Concepción, Chile

    Carolina Aguirre

Authors
  1. Andrés Illanes
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  2. Lorena Wilson
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  3. Carolina Aguirre
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Correspondence to Andrés Illanes.

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Illanes, A., Wilson, L. & Aguirre, C. Synthesis of Cephalexin in Aqueous Medium with Carrier-bound and Carrier-free Penicillin Acylase Biocatalysts. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 157, 98–110 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-008-8255-7

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