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Effect of extruder temperature and printing speed on the tensile strength of fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printed samples: a meta-analysis study

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Abstract

Fused filament fabrication that is also known as fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a widely used technology for fabricating 3-dimensional models. The properties of FDM 3D models are influenced by printing parameters. In this meta-analysis, the effect of printing speed or extruder temperature on the tensile strength of printed samples was investigated. The search strategy considering PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases was performed using suitable search terms. The eligible studies were found according to the PRISMA guidelines and relevant information regarding the effect size of printing parameters on the tensile strength of FDM printed samples were extracted. The effect size was calculated based on the Cohen's d as a standard mean difference (SMD) measure. The pooled effect size, heterogeneity analysis according to I2 statistics and Q-test and publication bias analysis using funnel plot as well as Egger's and Begg's tests were performed in STATA software (StataCorp, College Station, TX, USA). Twenty eligible studies were retrieved. Results showed the positive effect of extruder temperature rise on the tensile strength (SMD = 2.85, 95% CI [1.71, 3.98]), while a negative effect was observed for increasing printing speed (SMD = − 2.49, 95% CI [− 4.29, − 0.69]). Significant heterogeneity was observed between studies while the publication bias was negligible. This meta-analysis helped to enhance the statistical power for concluding the positive effect of extruder temperature and the negative effect of printing speed on the tensile strength of FDM printed samples.

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Abbreviations

ABS:

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene

PLA:

Polylactic acid

PPS:

Polyphenylene sulfide

FDM:

Fused deposition modeling

FFF:

Fused filament fabrication

SDM:

Standard mean difference

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Vice-Chancellor for research and technology for all supports and Dr. A. Miresmaeili for comments and suggestions about this work.

Funding

This work was funded by Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran (Grant No. 140006305305/ IR.UMSHA.REC.1399.953).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Autism Spectrum Disorders Research Center, Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

    Sajjad Farashi

  2. Dental Implants Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

    Sajjad Farashi & Fariborz Vafaee

  3. Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

    Fariborz Vafaee

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  1. Sajjad Farashi
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S.F and F.V reviewed the literature, performed the analyses and wrote the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Sajjad Farashi or Fariborz Vafaee.

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Appendix: Search terms for retrieving eligible studies from different databases

Appendix: Search terms for retrieving eligible studies from different databases

1.1 Web of Sciences

TS=("3D printing" OR "3 dimensional printing" OR "Additive manufacturing") AND TS=("Nozzle temperature" OR "extruder temperature" OR "Printing speed" OR "printing parameters") AND TS=("tensile strength" OR "mechanical strength")

1.2 PubMed

(3D printing OR 3-dimensional printing OR additive manufacturing) AND (Nozzle temperature OR extruder temperature OR printing speed OR printing parameters) AND (tensile strength OR mechanical strength)

1.3 Scopus

(TITLE-ABS-KEY("3D printing") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ("3-dimensional printing") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("Additive manufacturing")) AND (TITLE-ABS-KEY("Nozzle temperature") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("extruder temperature") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("Printing speed") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("printing parameters")) AND (TITLE-ABS-KEY("tensile strength") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("mechanical strength"))

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Farashi, S., Vafaee, F. Effect of extruder temperature and printing speed on the tensile strength of fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printed samples: a meta-analysis study. Int J Interact Des Manuf 16, 305–316 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12008-021-00827-4

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