Abstract
Background
Progressive kyphosis occurs in up to 20% of patients with myelomeningocele. Severely affected patients can develop recurrent skin breakdown, osteomyelitis, sitting imbalance, and poor cosmetic appearance.
Questions/purposes
We (1) assessed the ability of kyphectomy to restore an intact skin envelope and allow comfortable seating in a wheelchair; (2) reviewed the complications of kyphectomy and spinal fusion in myelomeningocele; and (3) determined whether patients requiring unexpected reoperation had worse correction or more ulceration compared with those patients treated with a single surgery.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the records of 23 children with thoracic-level myelomeningocele who were treated with kyphectomy and spinal fusion since 1980. Indications for surgery included recurrent skin breakdown (15 patients) and poor sitting balance or unacceptable cosmetic deformity (three patients). We evaluated operative technique, type of sacropelvic fixation, surgical complications, radiographic correction, and skin condition at followup. The minimum followup was 2 years (median, 4.1 years; range, 2.1–10 years); 18 of the 23 children had greater than 2 years followup and are reported here.
Results
Kyphectomy achieved a sitting balance and resolved in skin ulceration in 17 of 18 patients. Seven patients had complications requiring reoperation. Three patients had multiple reoperations for early deep infection and one patient each had reoperation for late infection, pseudarthrosis, implant-related sacral pressure sore, and planned extension of proximal fusion after growth. Patients requiring multiple operations had similar correction and relief of ulceration to those treated with a single procedure.
Conclusions
Complications after kyphectomy are frequent and many children with myelomeningocele and severe hyperkyphosis require multiple procedures and lengthy hospital stays. Nonetheless, improved seating balance and resolution of skin problems was achieved in 17 of 18 patients.
Level of Evidence
Level IV, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Acknowledgments
We thank Tara Kristof for assistance with obtaining medical records and database entry and Richard Browne, PhD, for statistical analysis.
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Each author certifies that he or she has no commercial associations (eg, consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article.
Each author certifies that his or her institution approved the human protocol for this investigation and that all investigations were conducted in conformity with ethical principles of research.
This work was performed at the Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Garg, S., Oetgen, M., Rathjen, K. et al. Kyphectomy Improves Sitting and Skin Problems in Patients with Myelomeningocele. Clin Orthop Relat Res 469, 1279–1285 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-010-1650-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-010-1650-8