Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of seven lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains to remove aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and in skimmed milk samples. The mean AFM1 removal by LAB in PBS ranged from 5.60 ± 0.45% to 45.67 ± 1.65% (n = 3). Heat-killed cells showed AFM1 removal percentages significantly higher than viable cells in contact times of 15 min or 24 h, although there were no significant differences between those times. AFM1/LAB complex resulted from tests with PBS was unstable, as 40.57 ± 4.66% to 87.37 ± 1.82% of AFM1 retained by bacteria were recovered in solution after washing with PBS. Heat-killed cells of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii spp. bulgaricus, and Bifidobacterium lactis had the highest percentage (>33%) of AFM1 removal in PBS tests. In ultrahigh temperature (UHT) skimmed milk spiked with AFM1, the three selected LAB strains showed no significant differences in removing AFM1 at 37 °C, and only B. lactis had greater ability to remove AFM1 at 4 °C. Results demonstrated that AFM1 removal by LAB has a potential application to reduce toxin concentrations until safe levels in milk.
References
Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. (2011). Resolução RDC no 7, de 18 de fevereiro de 2011. Diário Oficial da União—Seção 1, no 37, 22 de fevereiro de 2011. p. 72–73, 2011. Available at: http://portal.anvisa.gov.br/wps/wcm/connect/d91966804745973d9f9bdf3fbc4c6735/RDC_07_2011.pdf?MOD=AJPERES. Accessed 10 March 2011.
An, Z. (2005). Handbook of industrial mycology (22nd volume). New York: Marcel Dekker.
Dalié, D. K. D., Deschamps, A. M., & Richard-Forget, F. (2010). Lactic acid bacteria—Potential for control of mould growth and mycotoxins: A review. Food Control, 21(4), 370–380.
Elgerbi, A. M., Aidoo, K. E., Candlish, A. A. G., & Williams, A. G. (2006). Effects of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria on levels of aflatoxin M1 in milk and phosphate buffer. Milchwissenschaft, 61(2), 197–199.
El-Nezami, H., Kankaanpää, P., Salminen, S., & Ahokas, J. (1998). Ability of dairy strains of lactic acid bacteria to bind a common food carcinogen, aflatoxin B1. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 36, 321–326.
European Commission. (2006). Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006—Setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Available at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CONSLEG:2006R1881:20100701:PT:PDF. Accessed 10 August 2011.
Fallah, A. A. (2010). Assessment of aflatoxin M1 contamination in pasteurized and UHT milk marketed in central part of Iran. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48, 988–991.
Haskard, C., Binnion, C., & Ahokas, J. (2000). Factors affecting the sequestration of aflatoxin by Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 128, 39–49.
Haskard, C. A., El-Nezami, H. S., Kankaanpää, P. E., Salminen, S., & Ahokas, J. T. (2001). Surface binding of aflatoxin B1 by lactic acid bacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 67(7), 3086–3091.
Hernandez-Mendoza, A., Guzman-de-Peña, D., & Garcia, H. S. (2009). Key role of teichoic acids on aflatoxin B1 binding by probiotic bacteria. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 107, 395–403.
IARC. (2002). IARC monograph on the evaluation of carcinogenic risk to humans pp171 (82nd volume). Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer—World Health Organization.
Kabak, B., & Var, I. (2008). Factors affecting the removal of aflatoxin M1 from food model by Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains. Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part B, 43, 617–624.
Oliveira, C. A. F., Rosmaninho, J., & Rosim, R. (2006). Aflatoxin M1 and cyclopiazonic acid in fluid milk traded in São Paulo, Brazil. Food Additives and Contaminants, 23, 196–201.
Pierides, M., El-Nezami, H., Peltonem, K., Salminen, S., & Ahokas, J. (2000). Ability of dairy strains of lactic acid bacteria to bind aflatoxin M1 in a food model. Journal of Food Protection, 63(5), 645–650.
Sarimehmetoglu, B., & Küplülü, Ö. (2004). Binding ability of aflatoxin M1 to yoghurt bacteria. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 51, 195–198.
SAS. (1992). SAS user's guide: Statistics. Cary: SAS Institute Inc.
Scott, P. M. (1990). Natural poisons. In K. Helrich (Ed.), Official methods of analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (15th ed., pp. 1184–1213). Arlington: Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC).
Shetty, P. H., & Jespersen, L. (2006). Saccharomyces cerevisiae and lactic acid bacteria as potential mycotoxin decontaminating agents. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 17, 48–55.
Van Egmond, H. P., & Jonker, M. A. (2004). Worldwide regulations on aflatoxins—The situation in 2002. Toxin Reviews, 23, 273–293.
Wehr, H. M., & Frank, J. F. (Eds.). (2004). Standard methods for the examination of dairy products (17th edition). Washington: American Public Health Association.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bovo, F., Corassin, C.H., Rosim, R.E. et al. Efficiency of Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains for Decontamination of Aflatoxin M1 in Phosphate Buffer Saline Solution and in Skimmed Milk. Food Bioprocess Technol 6, 2230–2234 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-011-0770-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-011-0770-9