Skip to main content
Log in

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References and Recommended Reading

  1. Bonow RO, Carabello B, de Leon AC, et al.: ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Management of Patients with Valvular Heart Disease). J Am Coll Cardiol 1998, 32:1486–1588. These guidelines, consisting of 102 pages with 737 references, present a comprehensive review of valvular heart disease, including aortic regurgitation, with detailed discussion of the indications for diagnostic testing, medical therapy, and timing of surgery in patients with aortic regurgitation.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Bonow RO, Rosing DR, McIntosh CL, et al.: The natural history of asymptomatic patients with aortic regurgitation and normal left ventricular function. Circulation 1983, 68:509–517.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Scognamiglio R, Fasoli G, Dalla Volta S: Progression of myocardial dysfunction in asymptomatic patients with severe aortic insufficiency. Clin Cardiol 1986, 9:151–156.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Siemienczuk D, Greenberg B, Morris C, et al.: Chronic aortic insufficiency: factors associated with progression to aortic valve replacement. Ann Intern Med 1989, 110:587–592.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Bonow RO, Lakatos E, Maron BJ, Epstein SE: Serial long-term assessment of the natural history of asymptomatic patients with chronic aortic regurgitation and normal left ventricular systolic function. Circulation 1991, 84:1625–1635. This study provides data regarding the long-term natural history of chronic aortic regurgitation in asymptomatic patients with normal left ventricular systolic function and identifies factors that are predictive of symptoms, left ventricular dysfunction, and death.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Scognamiglio R, Rahimtoola S, Fasoli G, et al.: Nifedipine in asymptomatic patients with severe aortic regurgitation and normal left ventricular function. N Engl J Med 1994, 331:689–694. This prospective randomized double-blind trial of nifedipine versus digoxin in asymptomatic patients with chronic aortic regurgitation and normal left ventricular systolic function demonstrated that patients receiving nifedipine less often experienced progression to symptoms or left ventricular dysfunction over 6 years than those receiving digoxin. It also demonstrated that preoperative nifedipine therapy did not adversely affect postoperative recovery of left ventricular function in those patients who did undergo aortic valve replacement.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Tornos MP, Olona M, Permanyer-Miralda G, et al.: Clinical outcome of severe asymptomatic chronic aortic regurgitation: a long-term prospective followup study. Am Heart J 1995, 130:333–339.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Ishii K, Hirota Y, Suwa M, et al.: Natural history and left ventricular response in chronic aortic regurgitation. Am J Cardiol 1996, 78:357–361.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Borer JS, Hochreiter C, Herrold EM, et al.: Prediction of indications for valve replacement among asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic patients with chronic aortic regurgitation and normal left ventricular performance. Circulation 1998, 97:525–534.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Turina J, Turina M, Rothlin M, Krayenbuehl HP: Improved late survival in patients with chronic aortic regurgitation by earlier operation. Circulation 1984, 70(3Pt 2):I147-I152.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Klodas E, Enriquez-Sarano M, Tajik AJ, et al.: Aortic regurgitation complicated by extreme left ventricular dilation: long-term outcome after surgical correction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996, 27:670–677. This study demonstrated that patients with chronic aortic regurgitation and extreme left ventricular dilatation do well if aortic valve replacement is performed before the onset of symptoms or left ventricular systolic dysfunction; survival is reduced when surgery is delayed until after symptoms or left ventricular dysfunction develops.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Bolen L, Alderman EL: Hemodynamic consequences of afterload reduction in patients with chronic aortic regurgitation. Circulation 1976, 53:879–883.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Miller RR, Vismara LA, DeMaria AN, et al.: Afterload reduction therapy with nitroprusside in severe aortic regurgitation: improved cardiac performance and reduced regurgitant volume. Am J Cardiol 1976, 38:564–567.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Greenberg BH, DeMots H, Murphy E, Rahimtoola S: Beneficial effects of hydralazine on rest and exercise hemodynamics in patients with chronic severe aortic insufficiency. Circulation 1980, 62:49–55.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Fioretti P, Benussi B, Scardi S, et al.: Afterload reduction with nifedipine in aortic insufficiency. Am J Cardiol 1982, 49:1728–1732.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Shen WF, Roubin GS, Hirasawa K, et al.: Noninvasive assessment of acute effects of nifedipine on rest and exercise hemodynamics and cardiac function in patients with aortic regurgitation. J Am Coll Cardiol 1984, 4:902–907.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Greenberg B, Massie B, Bristow D, et al.: Long-term vasodilator therapy of chronic aortic regurgitation. A randomized double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Circulation 1988, 78:92–103.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Scognamiglio R, Fasoli G, Ponchia A, Dalla-Volta S: Long-term nifedipine unloading therapy in asymptomatic patients with chronic severe aortic regurgitation. J Am Coll Cardiol 1990, 16:424–429.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Lin M, Chiang HT, Lin SL, et al.: Vasodilator therapy in chronic asymptomatic aortic regurgitation: enalapril versus hydralazine therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994, 24:1046–1053.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Schon HR, Dorn R, Barthel P, Schomig A: Effects of 12 months quinapril therapy in asymptomatic patients with chronic aortic regurgitation. J Heart Valve Dis 1994, 3:500–509.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Levine HJ, Gaasch WH: Vasoactive drugs in chronic regurgitant lesions of the mitral and aortic valves. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996, 28:1083–1091.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Cheitlin MD, Douglas PS, Parmley WW: 26th Bethesda Conference: recommendations for determining eligibility for competition in athletes with cardiovascular abnormalities. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994, 24:845–899.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Cohn PF, Gorlin R, Cohn LH, et al.: Left ventricular ejection fraction as a prognostic guide in surgical treatment of coronary and valvular heart disease. Am J Cardiol 1974, 34:136–141.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Copeland JG, Griepp RB, Stinson EB, Shumway NE: Long-term follow-up after isolated aortic valve replacement. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1977, 74:875–889.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Schwarz F, Flameng W, Langebartels F, et al.: Impaired left ventricular function in chronic aortic valve disease: survival and function after replacement by Bjork-Shiley prosthesis. Circulation 1979, 60:48–58.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Forman R, Firth BF, Barnard MS: Prognostic significance of preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction and valve lesion in patients with aortic valve replacement. Am J Cardiol 1980, 45:1120–1125.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Greves J, Rahimtoola SH, McAnulty JH, et al.: Preoperative criteria predictive of late survival following valve replacement for severe aortic regurgitation. Am Heart J 1981, 101:300–308.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Bonow RO, Picone AL, McIntosh CL, et al.: Survival and functional results after valve replacement for aortic regurgitation from 1976 to 1983: impact of preoperative left ventricular function. Circulation 1985, 72:1244–1256.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Carabello BA, Usher BW, Hendrix GH, et al.: Predictors of outcome for aortic valve replacement in patients with aortic regurgitation and left ventricular dysfunction: a change in the measuring stick. J Am Coll Cardiol 1987, 10:991–997.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Carabello BA, Williams H, Gash AK, et al.: Hemodynamic predictors of outcome in patients undergoing valve replacement. Circulation 1986, 74:1309–1316.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Taniguchi K, Nakano S, Hirose H, et al.: Preoperative left ventricular function: minimal requirement for successful late results of valve replacement for aortic regurgitation. J Am Coll Cardiol 1987, 10:510–518.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Bonow RO, Dodd JT, Maron BJ, et al.: Long-term serial changes in left ventricular function and reversal of ventricular dilatation after valve replacement for chronic aortic regurgitation. Circulation 1988, 78:1108–1120.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. McDonald IG, Jelinek VM: Serial M-mode echocardiography in severe chronic aortic regurgitation. Circulation 1980, 62:1291–1296.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Bonow RO: Radionuclide angiography in the management of aortic regurgitation. Circulation 1991, 84(3 suppl):I296-I302.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Bonow RO: Asymptomatic aortic regurgitation: indications for operation. J Card Surg 1994, 9(2 suppl):170–173.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Cunha CLP, Giuliani ER, Fuster V, et al.: Preoperative M-mode echocardiography as a predictor of surgical results in chronic aortic insufficiency. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1980, 79:256–265.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Bonow RO, Borer JS, Rosing DR, et al.: Preoperative exercise capacity in symptomatic patients with aortic regurgitation as a predictor of postoperative left ventricular function and long-term prognosis. Circulation 1980, 62:1280–1290.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Bonow RO, Rosing DR, Maron BJ, et al.: Reversal of left ventricular dysfunction after valve replacement for chronic aortic regurgitation: influence of duration of preoperative left ventricular dysfunction. Circulation 1984, 70:570–579.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Gaasch WH, Carroll JD, Levine HJ, et al.: Chronic aortic regurgitation: prognostic value of left ventricular end-systolic dimension and end-diastolic radius/ thickness ratio. J Am Coll Cardiol 1983, 1:775–782.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Herreman F, Ameur A, de Vernejoul F, et al.: Pre- and postoperative hemodynamic and cineangiographic assessment of left ventricular function in patients with aortic regurgitation. Am Heart J 1979, 98:63–72.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Bonow, R.O. Aortic regurgitation. Curr Treat Options Cardio Med 2, 125–132 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11936-000-0005-2

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11936-000-0005-2

Keywords

Navigation