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Updates in the Metabolic Management of Calcium Stones

  • Endourology (P Mucksavage, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Urinary risk factors, such as hypercalciuria, hypocitraturia, and hyperoxaluria, either in combination or alone, are associated with calcium stones. Dietary habits as well as underlying medical conditions can influence urinary risk factors. Evaluation of the conglomerate of patients’ stone risks provides evidence for individualized medical management, an effective and patient-supported approach to prevention.

Recent Findings

Many patients with stones desire prevention to avoid repeated surgical interventions. Yet, recent practice pattern assessments and health care utilization data show that many patients are rarely referred for metabolic evaluation or management. Innovations in metabolic management over the past decade have improved its effectiveness in reducing risk and preventing calcium stones. Although no new pharmacologic agents for calcium stone prevention have recently become available, there is relatively new thinking about some diet-based approaches.

Summary

This review will synthesize current evidence to support individualized metabolic management of calcium stones.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Clinical Nutrition Services, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792, USA

    Kristina L. Penniston

  2. Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1685 Highland Avenue, 3258 Medical Foundation Centennial Building, Madison, WI, 53705-2281, USA

    Kristina L. Penniston & Stephen Y. Nakada

  3. Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1685 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705-2281, USA

    Stephen Y. Nakada

  4. Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1685 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705-2281, USA

    Stephen Y. Nakada

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  1. Kristina L. Penniston
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Correspondence to Kristina L. Penniston.

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Kristina L. Penniston reports personal fees from Retrophin.

Stephen Y. Nakada declares no potential conflicts of interest.

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This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

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Penniston, K.L., Nakada, S.Y. Updates in the Metabolic Management of Calcium Stones. Curr Urol Rep 19, 41 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11934-018-0791-2

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