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Current Status of Understanding the Pathogenesis and Management of Patients With NOMID/CINCA

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Abstract

Neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID)/chronic infantile neurologic, cutaneous, and arthritis (CINCA) syndrome is the most severe clinical phenotype in the spectrum of cryopyrin- (NLRP3/NALP3) associated periodic syndromes (CAPS). The study of patients with NOMID/CINCA has been instrumental in characterizing the extent of organ-specific inflammatory manifestations and damage that can occur with chronic interleukin (IL)-1β overproduction. Mutations in CIAS1/NLRP3 lead to constitutive activation of the “NLRP3 inflammasome,” an intracellular platform that processes and secretes increased amounts of IL-1β. The pivotal role of IL-1β in NOMID/CINCA has been demonstrated in several clinical studies using IL-1—blocking agents that lead to rapid resolution of the inflammatory disease manifestations. NOMID/CINCA is a monogenic autoinflammatory syndrome; and the discovery of the role of IL-1 in NOMID has led to the exploration in the role of IL-1 in other disorders including gout and Type II diabetes. The inflammation in NOMID/CINCA is continuous with intermittent flares, and organ manifestations encompus the central nervous system, eye, inner ear, and bones. This review discusses updates on the pathogenesis of NOMID/CAPS, emerging long term-outcome data regarding IL-1—blocking agents that have influenced our considerations for optimal treatment, and a monitoring approach tailored to the patient’s disease severity and organ manifestations.

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Disclosure

Dr. Goldbach-Mansky has received grant support from Novartis and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals.

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  1. Translational Autoinflammatory Disease Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases at the National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 6D-47B, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA

    Raphaela Goldbach-Mansky

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Correspondence to Raphaela Goldbach-Mansky.

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Goldbach-Mansky, R. Current Status of Understanding the Pathogenesis and Management of Patients With NOMID/CINCA. Curr Rheumatol Rep 13, 123–131 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11926-011-0165-y

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