Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Acute and transient psychotic disorders: Comparison with schizophrenia

  • Published:
Current Psychiatry Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Concept and nosologic status of acute and transient psychotic disorders, as they appear in the tenth edition of the International Classification of Disease, have seen review from the standpoint of validation and delineation from schizophrenia and affective disorders. Current research, particularly on the epidemiology, course, and outcome, and family genetic studies indicate that these disorders are common among women in developing countries, as well as among lower socioeconomic status and rural subjects. These patients have greater frequency of exposure to stress before childbirth, a family history of acute and transient psychotic disorder (and not of schizophrenia), and a course and outcome that is different from that of schizophrenia. The findings so far support the argument that acute and transient psychotic disorders are different from schizophrenia.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References and Recommended Reading

  1. Legrain M: Delire chez les Degeneres. Paris: These; 1886.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Pichot P:The concept of boufee delirante with special reference to Scandinavian concept of reactive psychosis. Psychopathology 1997, 19:35–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Wernicke C: Grundriss der Psychiatrie in Klinischen Vorlesungen. Leipzig: Thieme; 1894.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Kleist KL:Iiber cykloide, paranoide und epileptoide psychosen und iiber die Frage der Degeneratious psychosen Schweiz. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 1929, 23:3–37.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Leonard K:Cycloid psychoses: endogenous psychoses which are neither schizophrenic nor manic-depressive. J Ment Sci 1961, 107:632–648.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Jaspers K: General Psychopathology. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press; 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Wimmer A: Psychogenic forms of mental disorders. In St. Hans Hospital Jubilee Publication. Copenhagen: Gad; 1916.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Faergeman P: Psychogenic Psychoses: A Description and Follow-up of Psychoses Following Psychological Stress. London: Butterworth; 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Stomgren E: Psychogenic psychoses. In Themes and Variations in European Psychiatry. Edited by Hirsch SR, Shepherd M. Bristol: Wright; 1974:97–117.

    Google Scholar 

  10. McCabe MS:Reactive psychosis: a clinical and genetic investigation. Acta Psyhciatr Scand 1975, 259:1–133.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Langfeldt G: The Prognosis in Schizophrenia and the Factors Influencing the Course of the Disease. London; Melf: 1937.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Kasanin J:The acute schizoaffective psychoses. Am J Psychiatry 1933, 13:97–126.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Kant O:Types and analysis of clinical pictures of recovered schizophrenics. Psychiatr Q 1940, 14:676–694.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Vaillant GE:Prospective prediction of schizophrenic remission. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1964, 11:509–518.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Fowler RC. McCabe MS, Caderet RJ, et al.:The validity of good prognosis schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1972, 26:182–185.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Hollender MH, Hirsch SJ:Hysterical psychosis. Am J Psychiatry 1964, 120:1066–1077.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Mitsuda H:The concept of atypical psychoses from aspects of clinical genetics. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1965, 41:372.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Lambo TA: Schizophrenia and borderline states. In Transcultural Psychiatry. Edited by De Reuck PVS. London: Churchill; 1965.

  19. Jilek WG, Jilek-Aall L:Transient psychosis in Africans. Psychiatr Clin 1970, 3:327–364.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Littlewood R, Lipsedge M: Acute psychotic reactions in migrants. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Royal College of Psychiatrists. 1977, Brighton, UK.

  21. Wig NN, Singh G:A proposed classification of psychiatric disorders for use in India. Indian J Psychiatry 1967, 9:158–171.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Wig NN, Narang RL:Hysterical psychosis. Indian J Psychiatry 1969, 11:93.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Kapur RL, Pandurangi AK:A comparative study of reactive psychosis and acute psychosis without precipitating stress. Br J Psychiatry 1979, 135:544.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Singh G, Sachdeva JS:Acute schizophrenic episodes: are they schizophrenics? Indian J Psychiatry 1981, 23:200–205.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Varma VK, Malhotra S, Jiloha RC:Acute non-organic psychotic states in India: symptomatology. Indian J Psychiatry 1992, 34:89–101.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Susser E, Wanderling J:Epidemiology of non-affective acute remitting psychosis: sex and sociocultural setting. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994, 51:294–301.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Susser E, Varma VK. Mattoo SK, et al.:Long-term course of acute brief psychosis in a developing country setting. Br J Psychiatry 1998, 173:226–230.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. World Health Organization: The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  29. American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, edn 4. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Bertelsen A:Schizophrenia and related disorders: experience with current diagnostic systems. Psychopathology 2002, 35:89–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Jorgensen A:Long term course of acute reactive paranoid psychosis. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1995, 71:30–37.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Daradkeh TK, El-Rufaie OEF, Younis YO, Ghubash R:The diagnostic stability of ICD-10 psychiatric diagnosis in clinical practice. Eur Psychiatry 1997, 12:136–139.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Masson P, Harrison G, Croudace T, et al.:The predictive validity of the diagnosis of schizophrenia: a report from the International Study of Schizophrenia (ISOS) coordinated by the WHO and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Nottingham. Br J Psychiatry 1997, 170:321–327.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Amin S, Singh SP, Brewin J, et al.:Diagnostic stability of first episode psychosis: comparison of ICD-10 and DSM IIIR systems. Br J Psychiatry 1999, 175:537–543.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Malhotra S, Varma VK, Misra AK, et al.:Onset of acute psychotic states in India: a study of sociodemographic, seasonal and biological factors. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1988, 97:125–131.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Susser E, Fennig S, Jandorf L, et al.:Epidemiology, diagnosis and course of brief psychoses. Am J Psychiatry 1995, 152:1743–1748.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Susser E, Varma VK, Malhotra S, et al.:Delineation of acute and transient psychotic disorders in a developing country setting. Br J Psychiatry 1995, 167:216–219.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Pillmann F, Haring A, Balzuweit S, et al.:The concordance of ICD-10 acute and transient psychotic disorder and DSM-IV brief psychotic disorders. Psychol Med 2002, 32:525–533.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Varma VK, Malhotra S, Yoo ES, et al.:Course and outcome of acute non-organic psychotic states in India. Psychiatr Q 1996, 67:195–207.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Malhotra S, Varma VK, Malhotra AL:Classification of acute non organic psychotic states in India. Int J Ment Health 1992, 21:6–32.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Zubin J, Spring S:Vulnerability: a new model of schizophrenia. J Abnorm Psychol 1977, 88:103–128.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Das SK, Malhotra S, Basu D:Testing the stress-vulnerability hypothesis in ICD-10-diagnosed acute and transient psychotic disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2001, 104:56–58. A very good review.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Malhotra S, Malhotra S: Acute and transient psychotic disorder: conceptual understanding and current status. In Mental Health in India 1950–2000. Edited by Murthy RS. Bangalore: PAMH; 2001:17–41. An outstanding article.

    Google Scholar 

  44. El-Rufaie OEFA:Acute schizophrenic episode: is it culturerelated syndrome? Acta Psychiatr Scand 1986, 73:263–265.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Fisch RZ:Psychosis precipitated by marriage: a culture-bound syndrome? Br J Psychiatry 1992, 65:385–391.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Collins P, Wig NN, Varma VK, et al.:Psychosocial and biological aspects of acute brief psychoses in three developing country sites. Psychiatr Q 1996, 67:177–193.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Collins PY, Varma VK, Wig NN, et al.:Fever and acute brief psychosis in urban and rural settings in north India. Br J Psychiatry 1999, 174:520–524.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Wise TN, Lebuffe FP, Granger ST:Meningo-encephalitis presenting as an acute paranoid psychosis. Int J Psychiatry 1977, 8:405–414.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Klein RF, Betts R, Hom R, et al.:Acute psychosis in a 45-year old man with bipolar disorder and primary Epstein-Barr virus infection: a case report. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 1984, 6:13–15.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Jarvis WR, Wasserman AL, Fodd RD:Acute psychosis in a patient with Epstein-Barr virus infection. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1990, 29:468–469.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Shriqui CL, Mileltte PC:You drive me crazy: a case report of acute psychosis and neurocysticerosis. Can J Psychiatry 1992, 37:121–124.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Frasca J, Kilpatrick TJ, Burns RJ:Protracted form of encephalitis with good outcome. Med J Aust 1993, 158:629–630.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Srikanth S, Ravi V, Poornima K, et al.:Viral antibodies in recent-onset, non-organic psychoses, correspondence with sympathetic severity. Biol Psychiatry 1994, 36:517–521.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Takei N, O’Callagham E, Sham P, et al.:Seasonality and admissions in the psychoses: effect of diagnosis, sex and age at onset. Br J Psychiatry 1992, 161:506–511.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Jorgensen P, Bennedsen B, Christensen J, et al.:Acute and transient psychotic disorder: a one-year follow up study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1997, 96:150–154.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Mojtabai R, Varma VK, Susser E:Duration of remitting psychoses with acute onset: implications for ICD-10. Br J Psychiatry 2000, 176:576–580.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Strik WK, Fallgatter AJ, Stoeber G, et al.:Specific P300 features in patients with cycloid psychosis. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1997, 95:67–72.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Warketin S, Nilsson A, Karlson S, et al.:Cycloid psychosis: regional cerebral blood flow correlates of a psychotic episode. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1992, 85:23–29.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Strik WK, Dierks T, Maurer K:Amplitudes of auditory P300 in remitted and residual schizophrenics: correlations with clinical features. Neuropsychobiology 1993, 27:54–60.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Holmboe R, Astrup C:A follow up study of 255 patients with acute schizophrenia and schizophreniform psychoses. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1957, 115:54–61.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Taylor MA, Abrams R:Manic-depressive illness and good prognosis schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1975, 132:741–742.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Tsuang MT, Dempsey GM, Rauscher F:A study of ‘atypical schizophrenia: comparison with schizophrenia and affective disorder by sex, age of admission, precipitant, outcome and family history. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1976, 33:1157–1160.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Coryell W, Tsuang MT:DSM-III schizohreniform disorder: comparison with schizophrenia and affective disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1982, 39:66–69.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Singh G: The nature of acute psychoses and their management. In Continuing Medical Education Programme of Indian Psychiatric Society, vol 6. Hyderabad: Indian Psychiatric Society; 1986:23–30.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Chavan BS, Kulhara P:A clinical study of reactive psychosis. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1988, 78:712–715.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Okasha A, Dawla EL, Khalil AS, et al.:Presentation of acute psychosis in an Egyptian sample: a transcultural comparison. Compr Psychiatry 1993, 34:4–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Kendler KS, Guenberg AM, Tsuang MT:A DSM-III family study of non schizophrenic psychotic disorders. Am J Psychiatry 1986, 143:1098–1105.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Kendler KS, McGuire M, Guenberg AM, et al.:The Roscommon family study 11: the risk of nonschizophrenic non-affective psychoses in relatives. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993, 50:645–652.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Perris C:A study of cycloid psychosis. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1974, 253:7–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Astrup C, Fossum A, Holmboe R: Prognosis in Functional Psychoses: Clinical and Social and Genetic Aspects. Springfield: CC Thomas; 1962.

  71. Das SK, Malhotra S, Basu D:Family study of acute and transient psychotic disorders: comparison with schizophrenia. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 1999, 34:328–332.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Malhotra, S., Malhotra, S. Acute and transient psychotic disorders: Comparison with schizophrenia. Curr Psychiatry Rep 5, 178–186 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-003-0039-8

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-003-0039-8

Keywords

Navigation