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MicroRNA Functions in Osteogenesis and Dysfunctions in Osteoporosis

  • Skeletal Biology (DB Burr, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Osteoporosis Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression that control osteoblast mediated bone formation and osteoclast-related bone remodeling. Deregulation of miRNA mediated mechanisms is emerging as an important pathological factor in bone degeneration (eg, osteoporosis) and other bone-related diseases. MiRNAs are intriguing regulatory molecules that are networked with cell signaling pathways and intricate transcriptional programs through ingenuous circuits with remarkably simple logic. This overview examines key principles by which miRNAs control differentiation of osteoblasts as they evolve from mesenchymal stromal cells during osteogenesis, or of osteoclasts as they originate from monocytic precursors in the hematopoietic lineage during osteoclastogenesis. Of particular note are miRNAs that are temporally upregulated during osteoblastogenesis (eg, miR-218) or osteoclastogenesis (eg, miR-148a). Each miRNA stimulates differentiation by suppressing inhibitory signaling pathways (‘double-negative’ regulation). The excitement surrounding miRNAs in bone biology stems from the prominent effects that individual miRNAs can have on biological transitions during differentiation of skeletal cells and correlations of miRNA dysfunction with bone diseases. MiRNAs have significant clinical potential which is reflected by their versatility as disease-specific biomarkers and their promise as therapeutic agents to ameliorate or reverse bone tissue degeneration.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the members of our laboratories for critical comments and sharing of ideas. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant R01AR049069 (to AvW).

Disclosure

AJ van Wijnen, J van de Peppel, JP van Leeuwen, JB Lian, GS Stein, JJ Westendorf, MJ Oursler, HJI Sampen, H Taipaleenmaki, E Hesse, S Riester and S Kakar declare no conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Orthopedic Surgery & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street S.W., MSB 3-69, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA

    Andre J. van Wijnen, Jennifer J. Westendorf, Merry-Jo Oursler, Scott Riester & Sanjeev Kakar

  2. Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    Jeroen van de Peppel & Johannes P. van Leeuwen

  3. Department of Biochemistry, HSRF 326, Vermont Cancer Center for Basic and Translational Research, University of Vermont Medical School, Burlington, VT, USA

    Jane B. Lian & Gary S. Stein

  4. Departments of Biochemistry, Internal Medicine (Rheumatology) and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA

    Hee-Jeong Im

  5. Heisenberg-Group for Molecular Skeletal Biology, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

    Hanna Taipaleenmäki & Eric Hesse

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  1. Andre J. van Wijnen
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  2. Jeroen van de Peppel
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Correspondence to Andre J. van Wijnen.

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van Wijnen, A.J., van de Peppel, J., van Leeuwen, J.P. et al. MicroRNA Functions in Osteogenesis and Dysfunctions in Osteoporosis. Curr Osteoporos Rep 11, 72–82 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-013-0143-6

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