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New Vaccines for Japanese Encephalitis

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Abstract

Epidemics of encephalitis occurring throughout much of Asia are caused by Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a flavivirus maintained in a zoonotic cycle and transmitted by the mosquito, Culex tritaeniorhynchus. Resident populations, including short–or long-term visitors to enzootic regions, are at risk for Japanese encephalitis (JE) infection and disease. For the past several decades, effective killed viral vaccines prepared in tissue culture or mouse brain have been used to immunize travelers and residents of affected countries. Cost, efficacy, and safety concerns led to the development of a single-dose live attenuated virus vaccine (SA14-14-2) and more recently, to the licensure in the United States, Europe, and Australia of a purified inactivated, tissue culture–based JE vaccine (IC51; Intercell AG, Vienna, Austria) and the soon-to-be-licensed live-attenuated yellow fever-JE chimeric vaccine (ChimeriVax-JE; Sanofi Pasteur, Lyon, France). Safe and effective JE vaccines are now available to the entire at-risk population and should greatly diminish the burden of disease.

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Disclosure

One of the authors (SJT) was an associate investigator on a clinical trial evaluating the JE-PIV (IC51, Ixiaro) vaccine. This statement is made in the interest of full disclosure and not because the authors consider this to be a conflict of interest. No other potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Disclaimer

The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the author (SJT) and are not to be construed as reflecting the official views of the United States Army or the United States Department of Defense.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Program, Pediatric Dengue Vaccine Initiative, 5824 Edson Lane, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA

    Scott B. Halstead

  2. Department of Virology, US Army Medical Component-Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand

    Stephen J. Thomas

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  1. Scott B. Halstead
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Correspondence to Scott B. Halstead.

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Halstead, S.B., Thomas, S.J. New Vaccines for Japanese Encephalitis. Curr Infect Dis Rep 12, 174–180 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11908-010-0098-z

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