Abstract
Adolescents comprise a growing proportion of people diagnosed with HIV or AIDS. Navigating adolescence while infected with HIV presents specific challenges not only to the youth but to their families and caregivers. As children enter their teen years, they have medical, physiologic, and psychosocial issues that differ greatly from both younger children and young adults. These issues include the limited number of medications available, mental illness (especially depression), and psychosocial issues such as distorted body image, sexual awareness, and problems with family and peer relations. Many of these issues are heightened in this population and can be important factors that can influence adherence. Awareness of these issues is important for health care providers, for if they understand not just the illness itself, but the psychosocial issues of the patient they are treating, the clinician can optimize treatments and adherence, and help these young persons successfully transition into adulthood.
Similar content being viewed by others
References and Recommended Reading
Geidd JN: The anatomy of mentalization: A view from developmental neuroimaging. Bull Menninger Clin 2003, 67:132–142.
National Institute of Mental Health: Teenage brain: a work in progress. A brief overview of research into brain development during adolescence. http://www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/teenbrain.cfm. Accessed March 2, 2005.
Center for Disease Control and Surveillance: HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report, 2003. Vol. 15. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2004:1–40. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/stats/2003surveillancereport.pdf|url.
The Kaiser Family Foundation: National survey of teens on HIV/AIDS, 2000. http://www.kff.org/youthhivstds/ loader.cfm?url=/commonspot/security/get.le. cfm & pageid=13570. Accessed March 3, 2005. Survey addressing adolescent knowledge and thoughts about HIV and AIDS.
Valleroy LA, MacKellar DA, Karon JM, et al.: HIV infection in disadvantaged out-of-school youth: prevalence for U.S. Job Corps entrants, 1990 through 1996. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1998, 19:67–73.
Paterson DL, Swindells S, Mohr J, et al.: Adherence to protease inhibitor therapy and outcomes in patients with HIV infection. Ann Intern Med 2000, 133:21–30.
Arnsten J, Demas P, Gourevitch M, et al.: Adherence and viral load in HIV-infected drug users: comparison of self-report and medication events monitors [abstract 69]. Paper presented at the 7th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. San Francisco, CA; January 30–February 2, 2000.
Cheever L: Forum for collaborative HIV research. What do we know about adherence levels in different populations? Adherence to HIV therapy: building a bridge to success. Report from a workshop sponsored by DHHS Health Resources and Services Administration and the Forum for Collaborative HIV Research. Washington, DC; November 15–16, 1999:10.
Greenberg RN: Overview of patient compliance with medication dosing: a literature review. Clin Ther 1984, 6:592–599.
Lucas GM, Chaisson RE, Moore RD: Highly active antiretroviral therapy in a large urban clinic: risk factors for virologic failure and adverse drug reactions. Ann Intern Med 1999, 131:81–87.
Chesney MA: Factors affecting adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2000, 30(Suppl 2):S171–176. Excellent review covering measurements of and strategies to improve adherence.
Shapiro MF, Morton SC, McCaffrey DF, et al.: Variations in the care of HIV-infected adults in the United States: results from the HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study. J Am Med Assoc 1999, 281:2305–2315.
Kessler RC, Walters EE: Epidemiology of DSM-III-R major depression and minor depression among adolescents and young adults in the National Comorbidity Survey. Depress Anxiety 1998, 7:3–14.
Brown LK, Danovsky MB, Lourie KJ, et al.: Adolescents with psychiatric disorders and the risk of HIV. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997, 36:1609–1617.
Lipsitz J, Williams J, Rabkin J, et al.: Psychopathology in male and female intravenous drug users with and without HIV infection. Am J Psychiatry 1994, 151:1662–1668.
Griffin KW, Rabkin JG, Remien RH, et al.: Disease severity, physical limitations and depression in HIV-infected men. J Psychosom Res 1998, 44:219–227.
Levine JM: Psychiatric aspects of HIV care. AIDS Clin Care 2001, 13:101–109.
de Maat MM, Ekhart GC, Huitema AD, et al.: Drug interactions between antiretroviral drugs and comedicated agents. Clin Pharmacokinet 2003, 42:223–282.
Miller KD, Jones E, Yanovski JA, et al.: Visceral abdominalfat accumulation associated with use of indinavir. Lancet 1998, 351:871–875.
Mallal S, John M, Moore C, et al.: Protease inhibitors and nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors interact to cause subcutaneous fat wasting in patients with HIV infection. Paper presented at the First International Workshop on Adverse Drug Reactions and Lipodystrophy in HIV. San Diego, CA; June 26–28, 1999.
Levine C: In whose care and custody? Orphans of the HIV epidemic. AIDS Clin Care 1995, 7:66,70.
Balsam KF, Rothblum ED, Beauchaine TP: Victimization over the life span: a comparison of lesbian, gay, bisexual and heterosexual siblings. J Consult Clin Psychol 2005, 73:477–487.
Centers for Disease Control and Surveillance: Enhanced perinatal surveillance. United States, 1999–2001. HIV/ AIDS Special Surveillance Report Number 4. http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/STATS/SpecialReport10-7.pdf. Accessed February 17, 2006.
Murphy DA, Mann T, O‘Keefe Z, et al.: Number of pregnancies, outcome expectancies and social norms among HIV-infected young women. Health Psychol 1998, 17:470–475.
Sherr L, Barry N: Fatherhood and HIV-positive heterosexual men. HIV Med 2004, 5:258–263.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
DeLaMora, P., Aledort, N. & Stavola, J. Caring for adolescents with HIV. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 3, 74–78 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-006-0021-2
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-006-0021-2