Skip to main content
Log in

Recent Police Recruits’ Existing Knowledge of the Police and Organisational Commitment

  • Published:
Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to police officers’ organisational commitment. This research paper contributes to this growing body of knowledge by investigating commitment amongst recent police recruits. The paper examines the extent to which new recruits’ existing knowledge of the police service prior to becoming an officer predicts organisational commitment, and different possible sources of this pre-entry knowledge. Using a sample of 236 recent police recruits in England and Wales, the study observed a significant relationship between recent recruits’ existing knowledge of the police service and their organisational commitment. Prior police work experience (both paid and voluntary) significantly predicted existing knowledge of the police service, and in turn organisational commitment. In comparison, pre-entry police training did not predict existing knowledge of the police service, and moreover was found to negatively predict organisational commitment. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to proposed changes to recruitment and entry routes into policing in England and Wales.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. No statistically significant differences were seen between respondents on the basis of the type of pre-join training therefore pre-join training was treated as a single grouping variable.

  2. A reverse paths model was also tested (i.e. with pre-join knowledge sources treated as outcome variables) and was found to have a poorer fit to the data than the hypothesised model χ2(6) = 8.34, p = .21; CFI = .93; NFI = .82; RMSEA = .03; CMIN/df = 1.39; AIC = 36.34).

References

  • Adkins CL (1995) Previous work experience and organizational socialization: a longitudinal examination. Acad Manag J 38(3):839–862

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen NJ, & Meyer JP (1993). Organizational commitment: evidence of career stage effects?. J Bus Res 26(1):49–61.

  • Bagozzi RP, Yi Y, Phillips LW (1991) Assessing construct validity in organizational research. Adm Sci Q 36(3):421–458

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barrick MR, Zimmerman RD (2005) Reducing voluntary, avoidable turnover through selection. J Appl Psychol 90(1):159–166

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bauer TN, Green SG (1994) Effect of newcomer involvement in work-related activities: a longitudinal study of socialization. J Appl Psychol 79(2):211–223

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bauer TN, Bodner T, Erdogan B, Truxillo DM, Tucker JS (2007) Newcomer adjustment during organizational socialization: a meta-analytic review of antecedents, outcomes, and methods. J Appl Psychol 92(3):707–721

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beyer JM, Hannah DR (2002) Building on the past: enacting established personal identities in a new work setting. Organ Sci 13(6):636–652

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bradford B, Quinton P, Myhill A, Porter G (2014) Why do ‘the law’ comply? Procedural justice, group identification and officer motivation in police organizations. Eur J Criminol 11(1):110–131

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Breaugh JA (1983) Realistic job previews: a critical appraisal and future research directions. Acad Manag Rev 8(4):612–619

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brunetto Y, Farr-Wharton R, Shacklock K (2011) Using the Harvard HRM model to conceptualise the impact of changes to supervision upon HRM outcomes for different types of Australian public sector employees. The International Journal of Human Resource Management 22(03):553–573

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brunetto Y, Teo ST, Shacklock K, Farr-Wharton R (2012) Emotional intelligence, job satisfaction, well-being and engagement: explaining organisational commitment and turnover intentions in policing. Hum Resour Manag J 22(4):428–441

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cable, D. M., & Turban, D. B. (2001). Establishing the dimensions, sources and value of job seekers' employer knowledge during recruitment. In: Research in personnel and human resources management (pp. 115–163). Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Bingley, UK.

  • Carless SA (2005). The influence of fit perceptions, equal opportunity policies, and social support network on pre-entry police officer career commitment and intentions to remain. J Crim Just 33(4):341–352

  • Carr JC, Pearson AW, Vest MJ, Boyar SL (2006) Prior occupational experience, anticipatory socialization, and employee retention. J Manag 32(3):343–359

    Google Scholar 

  • Christopher S (2015) The quantum leap: police recruit training and the case for mandating higher education pre-entry schemes. Policing 9(4):388–404

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • College of Policing (2016a). Developing and delivering an education qualification framework for policing: the College of Policing response to the consultation. Available at http://www.college.police.uk/What-we-do/Learning/Policing-Education-Qualifications-Framework/Documents/PEQF_2016.pdf. Accessed 15 March 2017

  • College of Policing (2016b). Review of police initial recruitment. Final report with recommendations. Available at http://recruit.college.police.uk/Officer/Documents/Review_of_police_initial_recruitment_final_report.pdf#search=Initial%20recruitment. Accessed 15 March 2017

  • Cooper-Thomas H, Anderson N (2002) Newcomer adjustment: the relationship between organizational socialization tactics, information acquisition and attitudes. J Occup Organ Psychol 75(4):423–437

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crow MS, Lee CB, Joo JJ (2012) Organizational justice and organizational commitment among South Korean police officers: an investigation of job satisfaction as a mediator. Policing: Int J Police Strateg Manag 35(2):402–423

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Currie P, Dollery B (2006) Organizational commitment and perceived organizational support in the NSW police. Policing:Int J Police Strateg Manag 29(4):741–756

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dick GP (2011) The influence of managerial and job variables on organizational commitment in the police. Public Adm 89(2):557–576

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dokko G, Wilk SL, Rothbard NP (2009) Unpacking prior experience: how career history affects job performance. Organ Sci 20(1):51–68

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eby LT, Freeman DM, Rush MC, Lance CE (1999) Motivational bases of affective organizational commitment: a partial test of an integrative theoretical model. J Occup Organ Psychol 72(4):463–483

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elliott-Davies, M. & Houdmont, J. (2017). Officer demand, capacity and welfare survey: descriptive statistics summary report—attitudes and evaluations. Available at http://www.polfed.org/documents/WelfareSurveyATTITUDESANDEVALUATION-SummaryReport-25-01-2017-V.1.pdf. Accessed 15 March 2017

  • Heslop R (2011) Reproducing police culture in a British university: findings from an exploratory case study of police foundation degrees. Police Pract Res 12(4):298–312

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holton EF III (1996) New employee development: a review and reconceptualization. Hum Resour Dev Q 7(3):233–252

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huber GP, Power DJ (1985) Retrospective reports of strategic-level managers: guidelines for increasing their accuracy. Strateg Manag J 6(2):171–180

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hur Y (2013) Turnover, voluntary turnover, and organizational performance: evidence from municipal police departments. Public Adm Q 37(1):3–35

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaramillo F, Nixon R, Sams D (2005) The effect of law enforcement stress on organizational commitment. Policing: Int J Police Strateg Manag 28(2):321–336

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson RR (2015) Police organizational commitment: the influence of supervisor feedback and support. Crime & Delinq 61(9):1155–1180

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kammeyer-Mueller JD, Wanberg CR (2003) Unwrapping the organizational entry process: disentangling multiple antecedents and their pathways to adjustment. J Appl Psychol 88(5):779–794

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Klein HJ, Fan J, Preacher KJ (2006) The effects of early socialization experiences on content mastery and outcomes: a mediational approach. J Vocat Behav 68(1):96–115

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kramer MW (2010) Organisational socialization: joining and leaving organizations. Polity Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuo SY (2015) Occupational stress, job satisfaction, and affective commitment to policing among Taiwanese police officers. Police Quarterly 18(1):27–54

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lievens F, Hoye G, Schreurs B (2005) Examining the relationship between employer knowledge dimensions and organizational attractiveness: an application in a military context. J Occup Organ Psychol 78(4):553–572

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Macvean A, Cox C (2012) Police education in a university setting: emerging cultures and attitudes. Policing 6(1):16–25

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marion N (1998) Police academy training: are we teaching recruits what they need to know? Policing: Int J Police Strateg Manag 21(1):54–79

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McElroy JC, Morrow PC, Wardlow TR (1999) A career stage analysis of police officer work commitment. J Crim Just 27(6):507–516

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Metcalfe B, Dick G (2000) Is the force still with you? Measuring police commitment. J Manag Psychol 15(8):812–832

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Metcalfe B, Dick G (2001) Exploring organisation commitment in the police: implications for human resource strategy. Policing: Int J Police Strateg Manag 24(3):399–420

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer JP, Allen NJ (1991) A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Hum Resour Manag Rev 1(1):61–89

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer JP, Bobocel DR, Allen NJ (1991) Development of organizational commitment during the first year of employment: a longitudinal study of pre-and post-entry influences. J Manag 17(4):717–733

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer JP, Allen NJ, Smith CA (1993) Commitment to organizations and occupations: extension and test of a three-component conceptualization. J Appl Psychol 78(4):538–551

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer JP, Stanley DJ, Herscovitch L, Topolnytsky L (2002) Affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization: a meta-analysis of antecedents, correlates, and consequences. J Vocat Behav 61(1):20–52

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moon MM, Jonson CL (2012) The influence of occupational strain on organizational commitment among police: a general strain theory approach. J Crim Just 40(3):249–258

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moreland RL, Levine JM (2001) Socialization in organizations and work groups. In: Turner ME (ed) Groups at work: theory and research. Routledge, London, pp 69–112

    Google Scholar 

  • Morris A, Shinn M, DuMont K (1999) Contextual factors affecting the organizational commitment of diverse police officers: a levels of analysis perspective. Am J Community Psychol 27(1):75–105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Orrick WD (2002) Calculating the cost of police turnover. Police Chief 69(10):100–103

    Google Scholar 

  • Ostroff C, Kozlowski SW (1992) Organizational socialization as a learning process: the role of information acquisition. Pers Psychol 45(4):849–874

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pepper I (2014) Do part-time volunteer police officers aspire to be regular police officers? Police J 87(2):105–113

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips JM (1998) Effects of realistic job previews on multiple organizational outcomes: a meta-analysis. Acad Manag J 41(6):673–690

    Google Scholar 

  • Porter LW, Steers RM, Mowday RT, Boulian PV (1974) Organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover among psychiatric technicians. J Appl Psychol 59(5):603–609

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Quinones MA, Ford JK, Teachout MS (1995) The relationship between work experience and job performance: a conceptual and meta-analytic review. Pers Psychol 48(4):887–910

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richardsen AM, Burke RJ, Martinussen M (2006) Work and health outcomes among police officers: the mediating role of police cynicism and engagement. Int J Stress Manag 13(4):555–574

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Riketta M (2002) Attitudinal organizational commitment and job performance: a meta-analysis. J Organ Behav 23(3):257–266

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Riordan CM, Weatherly EW, Vandenberg RJ, Self RM (2001) The effects of pre-entry experiences and socialization tactics on newcomer attitudes and turnover. J Manag Issues 13(2):159–176

  • Rodwell JJ, Noblet AJ, Allisey AF (2011) Improving employee outcomes in the public sector: the beneficial effects of social support at work and job control. Pers Rev 40(3):383–397

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rynes SL, Orlitzky MO, Bretz RD (1997) Experienced hiring versus college recruiting: practices and emerging trends. Personnel Psychology 50(2):309–339

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simosi M (2010). The role of social socialization tactics in the relationship between socialization content and newcomers' affective commitment. J Manag Psychol 25(3):301–327

  • Tannenbaum SI, Mathieu JE, Salas E, Cannon-Bowers JA (1991) Meeting trainees’ expectations: the influence of training fulfillment on the development of commitment, self-efficacy, and motivation. J Appl Psychol 76(6):759–769

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Truxillo DM, Bennett SR, Collins ML (1998) College education and police job performance: a ten-year study. Public Personnel Manag 27(2):269–280

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Maanen J, Schein EH (1979) Toward a theory of organisational socialisation. In: Staw MB, Cummings LL (eds) Research in organisational behavior, vol 1. JAI Press, Greenwich

    Google Scholar 

  • Vandenberg RJ, Scarpello V (1990) The matching model: an examination of the processes underlying realistic job previews. J Appl Psychol 75(1):60–67

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wanous JP (1973) Effects of a realistic job preview on job acceptance, job attitudes, and job survival. J Appl Psychol 58(3):327–332

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wanous JP, Poland TD, Premack SL, Davis KS (1992) The effects of met expectations on newcomer attitudes and behaviors: a review and meta-analysis. J Appl Psychol 77(3):288–297

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Fran Boag-Munroe.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Informed Consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Boag-Munroe, F. Recent Police Recruits’ Existing Knowledge of the Police and Organisational Commitment. J Police Crim Psych 34, 91–101 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-018-9273-1

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-018-9273-1

Keywords

Navigation