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Early-Life Arsenic Exposure, Nutritional Status, and Adult Diabetes Risk

  • Diabetes Epidemiology (E Selvin and K Foti, Section Editors)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

In utero influences, including nutrition and environmental chemicals, may induce long-term metabolic changes and increase diabetes risk in adulthood. This review evaluates the experimental and epidemiological evidence on the association of early-life arsenic exposure on diabetes and diabetes-related outcomes, as well as the influence of maternal nutritional status on arsenic-related metabolic effects.

Recent Findings

Five studies in rodents have evaluated the role of in utero arsenic exposure with diabetes in the offspring. In four of the studies, elevated post-natal fasting glucose was observed when comparing in utero arsenic exposure with no exposure. Rodent offspring exposed to arsenic in utero also showed elevated insulin resistance in the 4 studies evaluating it as well as microRNA changes related to glycemic control in 2 studies. Birth cohorts of arsenic-exposed pregnant mothers in New Hampshire, Mexico, and Taiwan have shown that increased prenatal arsenic exposure is related to altered cord blood gene expression, microRNA, and DNA methylation profiles in diabetes-related pathways. Thus far, no epidemiologic studies have evaluated early-life arsenic exposure with diabetes risk. Supplementation trials have shown B vitamins can reduce blood arsenic levels in highly exposed, undernourished populations. Animal evidence supports that adequate B vitamin status can rescue early-life arsenic-induced diabetes risk, although human data is lacking.

Summary

Experimental animal studies and human evidence on the association of in utero arsenic exposure with alterations in gene expression pathways related to diabetes in newborns, support the potential role of early-life arsenic exposure in diabetes development, possibly through increased insulin resistance. Given pervasive arsenic exposure and the challenges to eliminate arsenic from the environment, research is needed to evaluate prevention interventions, including the possibility of low-cost, low-risk nutritional interventions that can modify arsenic-related disease risk.

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Funding

Ana Navas-Acien reports support from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (P42ES010349, P30ES009089, R01ES028758, R01ES025216).

Miranda J. Spratlen reports support from the National Institutes of Health (F31ES027796).

Ahlam Abuawad reports support from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM062454).

Nancy J. LoIacono reports support from the National Institutes of Health (P42ES010349, P30ES009089, R01ES028758).

Anne K. Bozack reports support from the National Institutes of Health (T32ES007322, F31ES029019).

Mary V. Gamble reports support from the National Institutes of Health (P42ES010349).

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  1. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA

    Ana Navas-Acien, Miranda J. Spratlen, Ahlam Abuawad, Nancy J. LoIacono, Anne K. Bozack & Mary V. Gamble

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  1. Ana Navas-Acien
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Correspondence to Ana Navas-Acien.

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Ana Navas-Acien, Miranda J. Spratlen, Ahlam Abuawad, Nancy J. LoIacono, Anne K. Bozack, and Mary V. Gamble declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Navas-Acien, A., Spratlen, M.J., Abuawad, A. et al. Early-Life Arsenic Exposure, Nutritional Status, and Adult Diabetes Risk. Curr Diab Rep 19, 147 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-019-1272-9

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