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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, the Metabolic Syndrome, and Its Components in Adult Survivors of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantations

  • Pediatric Type 2 and Monogenic Diabetes (PS Zeitler and O Pinhas-Hamiel, Section Editors)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

A growing number of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) survivors reach adulthood and face long-term health-related problems. We review risk factors and the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of obesity-related comorbidities, including abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, impaired glucose metabolism, and type 2 diabetes in ALL and HSCT survivors.

Recent Findings

Components of the MetS are already detected during the first year of ALL maintenance therapy and significantly worsen over time. The prevalence of MetS increases at a faster rate in this setting than in the general population. Factors found to be of the greatest potential risk to the development of the MetS are central obesity, increased BMI, irradiation therapy, older age, poor diet, and low level of physical activity.

Summary

The early onset of MetS and its components among ALL and HSCT survivors calls for early and continuous screening to identify those at risk and to implement preventive measures.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Mrs. Cindy Cohen for editorial assistance in preparing the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and BMT, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel

    Bella Bielorai

  2. Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Bella Bielorai & Orit Pinhas-Hamiel

  3. Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel

    Orit Pinhas-Hamiel

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  1. Bella Bielorai
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Bella Bielorai and Orit Pinhas-Hamiel declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Pediatric Type 2 and Monogenic Diabetes

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Bielorai, B., Pinhas-Hamiel, O. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, the Metabolic Syndrome, and Its Components in Adult Survivors of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantations. Curr Diab Rep 18, 32 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-018-0998-0

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