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Multivariable Adaptive Artificial Pancreas System in Type 1 Diabetes

  • Therapies and New Technologies in the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes (M Pietropaolo, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

The review summarizes the current state of the artificial pancreas (AP) systems and introduces various new modules that should be included in future AP systems.

Recent Findings

A fully automated AP must be able to detect and mitigate the effects of meals, exercise, stress and sleep on blood glucose concentrations. This can only be achieved by using a multivariable approach that leverages information from wearable devices that provide real-time streaming data about various physiological variables that indicate imminent changes in blood glucose concentrations caused by meals, exercise, stress and sleep.

Summary

The development of a fully automated AP will necessitate the design of multivariable and adaptive systems that use information from wearable devices in addition to glucose sensors and modify the models used in their model-predictive alarm and control systems to adapt to the changes in the metabolic state of the user. These AP systems will also integrate modules for controller performance assessment, fault detection and diagnosis, machine learning and classification to interpret various signals and achieve fault-tolerant control. Advances in wearable devices, computational power, and safe and secure communications are enabling the development of fully automated multivariable AP systems.

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Acknowledgments

The multivariable artificial pancreas research is supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) under grants 1DP3DK101077-01 and 1DP3DK101075-01 and by Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International (JDRF) under grant 17-2013-472.

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  1. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA

    Ali Cinar

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Correspondence to Ali Cinar.

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Ali Cinar reports grants from National Institutes of Health, grants from Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation, during the conduct of the study; In addition, Dr. Cinar has a patent AUTOMATIC INSULIN PUMPS USING RECURSIVE MULTIVARIABLE MODELS AND ADAPTIVE CONTROL ALGORITHMS issued, and a patent MULTIVARIABLE ARTIFICIAL PANCREAS SYSTEM pending.

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This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Therapies and New Technologies in the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes

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Cinar, A. Multivariable Adaptive Artificial Pancreas System in Type 1 Diabetes. Curr Diab Rep 17, 88 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-017-0920-1

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