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The Impact of Novel Radiation Treatment Techniques on Toxicity and Clinical Outcomes in Rectal Cancer

  • Radiation Therapy and Radiation Therapy Innovations in Colorectal Cancer (JY Wo, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Colorectal Cancer Reports

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) has been the standard technique in the treatment of rectal cancer. The use of new radiation treatment technologies such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), proton therapy (PT), stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), and brachytherapy (BT) has been increasing over the past 10 years. This review will highlight the advantages and drawbacks of these techniques.

Recent Findings

IMRT, PT, SBRT, and BT achieve a higher target coverage conformity and a higher organ at risk sparing and enable dose escalation compared to 3DCRT. Some studies suggest a reduction in gastrointestinal and hematologic toxicities and an increase in the complete pathologic response rate; however, the clinical benefit of these techniques remains controversial.

Summary

The results of these new techniques seem encouraging despite conclusive data. Further trials are required to establish their role in rectal cancer.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the following grants: NIH R01 CA198128 (TW). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA

    Lara Hathout & Salma K. Jabbour

  2. The Ohio State University, James Cance Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA

    Terence Williams

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  1. Lara Hathout
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  2. Terence Williams
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Correspondence to Salma K. Jabbour.

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Lara Hathout and Salma K. Jabbour declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Radiation Therapy and Radiation Therapy Innovations in Colorectal Cancer

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Hathout, L., Williams, T. & Jabbour, S.K. The Impact of Novel Radiation Treatment Techniques on Toxicity and Clinical Outcomes in Rectal Cancer. Curr Colorectal Cancer Rep 13, 61–72 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11888-017-0351-z

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