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Lipids and the Endothelium: Bidirectional Interactions

  • Clinical Trials and Their Interpretations (J Plutzky, Section Editor)
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Abstract

The endothelium is often viewed solely as the barrier that prevents the penetration of circulating lipoproteins into the arterial wall. However, recent research has demonstrated that the endothelium has an important part in regulating circulating fatty acids and lipoproteins, and is in turn affected by these lipids/lipoproteins in ways that appear to have important repercussions for atherosclerosis. Thus, a number of potentially toxic lipids are produced during lipolysis of lipoproteins at the endothelial cell surface. Catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins creates free fatty acids that are readily taken up by endothelial cells, and, likely through the action of acyl-CoA synthetases, exacerbate inflammatory processes. In this article, we review how the endothelium participates in lipoprotein metabolism, how lipids alter endothelial functions, and how lipids are internalized, processed, and transported into the subendothelial space. Finally, we address the many endothelial changes that might promote atherogenesis, especially in the setting of diabetes.

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Acknowledgments

Research in the authors’ laboratories is supported by National Institutes of Health grants HL062887, HL092969, HL097365, and DK017047 and Novo Nordisk (K.E.B.) and by National Institutes of Health grants HL45095 and HL73029 (I.J.G.).

Conflict of Interest

Ira J. Goldberg and Karin E. Bornfeldt declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

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  1. Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine & Nutrition, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA

    Ira J. Goldberg

  2. Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, WA, 98109-8055, USA

    Karin E. Bornfeldt

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Correspondence to Karin E. Bornfeldt.

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Goldberg, I.J., Bornfeldt, K.E. Lipids and the Endothelium: Bidirectional Interactions. Curr Atheroscler Rep 15, 365 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-013-0365-1

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