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Dietary Immunomodulatory Factors in the Development of Immune Tolerance

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Abstract

Emerging evidence suggests that exposures during pregnancy and the early postnatal period can modify gene expression and disease propensity. Diet is a major environmental exposure, and dietary factors, including polyunsaturated fatty acids, probiotics, oligosaccharides, antioxidants, folate, and other vitamins, have effects on immune function. Some also have been implicated in reduced risk of allergy in observational studies. Intervention trials with polyunsaturated fatty acids, probiotics, and oligosaccharides suggest preliminary but as-of-yet-unconfirmed benefits. Food allergen avoidance during pregnancy, lactation, or infancy has provided no consistent evidence in allergy prevention and is no longer recommended. Rather, there is now a focus on food allergens in tolerance induction. Specific nutrients can induce changes in gene expression during early development and have been implicated in potentially heritable “epigenetic” changes in disease predisposition. Collectively, these observations emphasize that early exposures may modify tolerance development and that further research on these exposures should remain a priority.

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Acknowledgments

Dr. West is supported by a fellowship from the Throne Holst Foundation.

Dr. Prescott is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Practitioner Fellowship.

Disclosure

Dr. West has received grant support and has been a speaker at meetings sponsored by Arla Foods.

Dr. Prescott has been a speaker at meetings sponsored by SHS/Nutricia and Nestlé. She has been a member of the independent scientific advisory boards of Danone and Nestlé Nutrition Institute Oceania, an expert panel on cow’s milk allergy for Nutricia Australia, and expert panels for Mead Johnson & Company and Fonterra Co-operative Group. She has received travel assistance and speaker fees from these companies to present at or attend scientific meetings.

Ms. D’Vaz reported no potential conflict of interest relevant to this article.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden

    Christina E. West

  2. School of Paediatrics and Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, P.O. Box D184, Princess Margaret Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, 6001, Australia

    Nina D’Vaz & Susan L. Prescott

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  1. Christina E. West
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Correspondence to Susan L. Prescott.

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West, C.E., D’Vaz, N. & Prescott, S.L. Dietary Immunomodulatory Factors in the Development of Immune Tolerance. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 11, 325–333 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-011-0200-0

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