Abstract
Various natural and anthropogenic factors are effective in causing air pollution. The effects of air pollution are more pronounced on the health of living things, especially on the mental and physical health. Therefore, this issue is important because of the importance of health and well-being. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the spatial and temporal monitoring and analysis of air pollution (carbon monoxide, CO) using satellite and remote sensing data in Iran. To do this, Sentinel-5 satellite data for air pollution (CO) monitoring over a 14-month period (November 2018 to December 2019) and Terra satellite and MODIS satellite data with LST index for monitoring changes of daily and nocturnal temperatures (Kelvin unit) over a 24-month period (January 2018 to December 2019) were used. The results showed that the highest amount of air pollution (CO) was obtained in April 2019 with 0.39 mol/m2. However, the highest amount of air pollution in spatial monitoring of CO was obtained for Tehran and Guilan provinces with values of 0.51 mol/m2 and 0.49 mol/m2 respectively, while the lowest amount of CO was 0.19 mol/m2 for December 2019. Northwestern Iran, south and west areas of the central part of Ardebil province, south half and eastern part of East Azarbaijan province, Sahand mountain range, and western part of the border section of West Azerbaijan province were exposed to air pollution with average values of 0 to 0.21 mol/m2. Since the highest amounts of air pollution (CO) occur during the cold months of the year, people who are vulnerable to this phenomenon should travel to the polluted sites with observing hygiene principles.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bart S, Nandin ET, Andreas V, Johannes R (2020) Mapping wetland characteristics using temporally dense Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data: a case study in the St. Lucia wetlands, South Africa. Int J Appl Earth Obs Geoinf 86:141–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2019.102009
Blosch G, Parajka J (2008) The value of MODIS snow covers data in validating and calibrating conceptual hydrologic models. J Hydrol 14:240–258
Cheung CW, He G, Pan Y (2020) Mitigating the air pollution effect? The remarkable decline in the pollution-mortality relationship in Hong Kong. J Environ Econ Manag (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2020.102316
Emre A, Akyu Z, Ormanc AS, Ensoyc AS, Orman AU (2005) Using MODIS snow cover maps in modeling snowmelt runoff process in the eastern part of Turkey. Remote Sens Environ 97:216–230
Fan H, Zhao Ch, Yang Y (2020) A comprehensive analysis of the spatio-temporal variation of urban air pollution in China during 2014–2018. Atmos Environ 220:127–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117066
Fouladi F, Bailey MJ, Patterson WB, Sioda M, Blakley IC, Fodor AA, Jones RB, Chen Z, Kim JS, Lurmann F, Martino C, Knight R, Gilliland FD, Alderete TL (2020) Air pollution exposure is associated with the gut microbiome as revealed by shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Environ Int 138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.105604
Ghorbani R, Mobasheri MR, Rahimzadegan M (2010) Capability of Modis sensing data for qualitative and quantitative analyzes of air quality in urban areas. J Climatol Res 34:1–14
Ghorbani R, Mobasheri MR, Rahimzadegan M (2012) Rapid method in estimation of suspended particle concentration using modis sensor in Tehran. Hakim Research Journal 15(2)
Golbaz S, Farzadkia M, Kermani M (2009) Survey of Tehran air sanitary quality in 2008 based on air quality index. Iran Occup Health J 6:12–45
Govender P, Sivakumar V (2020) Application of k-means and hierarchical clustering techniques for analysis of air pollution: a review (1980–2019). Atmos Pollut Res 1:40–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2019.09.009
Ibbetson A, Symonds P, Hutchinson E (2020) Data to support small area health impact modelling of air pollution in the United Kingdom. Data Brief 29(2020):105148
Jeniffer S, Ch Z, Tanya L, Alderete C, Toledo-Corral F, Lurmann K, Berhane F, Gilliland D (2019) Associations of air pollution, obesity and cardiometabolic health in young adults: the Meta-AIR study. Environ Int 133:78–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.105180
John R, Balmes MD (2019) Household air pollution from domestic combustion of solid fuels and health. J Allergy Clin Immunol 143:1979–1987. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2019.04.016
Joris K, Ommeren J (2020) Urban air pollution and time losses: evidence from cyclists in London. Reg Sci Urban Econ 81:52–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2019.103504
Julia C, Fussell F, Kelly J (2019) Oxidative contribution of air pollution to extrinsic skin ageing. Free Radic Biol Med. Available online 23 December 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.11.038
Kabolizadeh M, Rangzan K, Mohammadi S (2000) Application of integration of Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 satellite images in environmental monitoring. Remote Sens Geogr Inf Syst Nat Resour 3:53–71
Kohavi R, Provost F (1998) Glossary of terms: editorial for the special issue on applications of machine learning and the knowledge discovery process. J Mach Learn 30:271–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6453(00)80006-8
Kristin A, Halskov Hansen M, Liu Zh, Wang S (2019) The hidden hazard of household air pollution in rural China. Environ Sci Pol 93:27–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2018.12.004
Kurata M, Takahashi K, Hibiki A (2020) Gender differences in associations of household and ambient air pollution with child health: evidence from household and satellite-based data in Bangladesh. World Dev 128(2020):104779. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104779
Lalas D, Katsulis B, Petrakis M (1980) The contribution of the largest local emission sources of sulfur dioxide in Pireaus, Greece. Hellenic Meteorol Soc Bull 3:1–24
Lesley G, Jeanine E, David R (2019) Detecting historic informal settlement fires with Sentinel 1 and 2 satellite data - two case studies in Cape Town. Fire Saf J 108(2019):102828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2019.102828
Li N, Chen G, Liu F, Mao S, Liu Y, Liu S, Mao Z, Lu Y, Wang C, Guo Y, Xiang H, Li S (2020) Associations between long-term exposure to air pollution and blood pressure and effect modifications by behavioral factors. Environ Res 182:109109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2019.109109
Lu M, Schmitz O, Vaartjes I, Karssenberg D (2019) Activity-based air pollution exposure assessment: differences between homemakers and cycling commuters. Health Place 60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.102233
Matthias W, Jeroen S, Michael W, Hannes T (2020) Spatial and semantic effects of LUCAS samples on fully automated land use/land cover classification in high-resolution Sentinel-2 data. Int J Appl Earth Obs Geoinf 88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2020.102065
Miller MR (2020) Oxidative stress and the cardiovascular effects of air pollution. Free Radic Biol Med. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.01.004
Moon JK (2019) The effects of transboundary air pollution from China on ambient air quality in South Korea. Heliyon 5:196–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02953
Mozaffari G, Narangi F, Haghighat Z (2015) Analysis of the relationship between synoptic patterns with particulate matter and carbon monoxide pollutants in Shiraz. Geogr Environ Hazards 14:95–115
Nazarian A, Ziaeian P, Jangi AA (2007) Investigating the role of morphological location in Tehran air quality using GIS and satellite data (RS). Geogr Res 61:17–30
Nolin A, Liang S (2000) Progress in bidirectional reflectance modeling and application for surface particulate media: snow and soil. Remote Sens Rev 14:307–342
Oanh KT, Chutimon P, Ekbordin W, Supat W (2005) Meteorological pattern classification and application for forecasting air pollution episode potential in a mountain-valley area. Atmos Environ 39:1211–1225
Omrani H, Omrani B, Parmentier B, Marco H (2020) Spatio-temporal data on the air pollutant nitrogen dioxide derived from Sentinel satellite for France. Data Brief 28:105089. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2019.105089
Paola E, Veerle Buffel S, Bracke P (2019) Mental wellbeing, air pollution and the ecological state. Health Place 57:82–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.03.003
Priya D, Barry P, Syed M (2020) Aggressive digital papillary adenocarcinoma and sentinel node biopsy: a case report and literature review. JPRAS Open. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpra.2020.03.001
Purwadi I, van der Werff HMA, Lievens C (2020) Targeting rare earth element bearing mine tailings on Bangka Island, Indonesia, with Sentinel-2 MSI. Int J Appl Earth Obs Geoinf 88(2020):102055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2020.102055
Rangzan K, Kabolizadeh M, Rashidian M, Delfan H (2019) Modeling and zoning of water quality parameters using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and computational intelligence (case study: Karun River). Remote Sens Geogr Inf Syst Nat Resour 4:2137
Rohi G, Ejofodomi O, Ofualagba G (2020) Autonomous monitoring, analysis, and countering of air pollution using environmental drones. Heliyon 6(2020):e03252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03252
Safarianzengir V, Sobhani B (2020) Simulation and analysis of natural hazard phenomenon, drought in southwest of the Caspian Sea, Iran. Carpathian J Earth Environ Sci 15:127–136. https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2020/015/115
Safarianzengir V, Sobhani B, Asghari S (2019) Modeling and monitoring of drought for forecasting it, to reduce natural hazards atmosphere in western and north western part of Iran, Iran. Air Qual Atmos Health 13:119–130. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-019-00776-8
Sager L (2019) Estimating the effect of air pollution on road safety using atmospheric temperature inversions. J Environ Econ Manag 98:2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2019.102250
Saghafi MA, Aliakbari AA (2014) Investigation of circadian and seasonal variations of wind and air temperature and Co and PM10 contaminants in the atmosphere surface layer of Tehran City. Spat Anal Environ Hazards 1:17–34
Sandro F, Pellegrini U (2004) Systematic analysis of meteorological conditions causing severe urban air pollution episodes in the central Po valley:9th international conference on harmonization within atmospheric dispersion modeling for regulatory purposes. Garmisch-Partenkir, Germany, pp 1–4
Schikowski T, Altug H (2020) The role of air pollution in cognitive impairment and decline. IUF-Leibniz Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany, Neurochem Int 136:104708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104708
Shamsipour AA, Amini Z (2013) Simulation of co-dispersion pattern with Envi-met microclimatic model on Azadi-Tehran Pars Route. Geogr Environ Hazards 7:85–103
Sobhani B, Safarianzengir V (2019a) Modeling, monitoring and forecasting of drought in south and southwestern Iran, Iran. Model Earth Syst Environ 5:63–71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-019-00655-2
Sobhani B, Safarianzengir V (2019b) Investigation hazard effect of monthly ferrrin temperature on agricultural products in north bar of Iran. Iraqi J Agric Sci 50:320–330
Sobhani B, Safarianzengir V (2020) Evaluation and zoning of environmental climatic parameters for tourism feasibility in northwestern Iran, located on the western border of Turkey. Model Earth Syst Environ 6:853–864. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-020-00712-1
Sobhani B, Safarianzengir V, Kianian MK (2018) Potentiometric mapping for wind turbine power plant installation Guilan province in Iran. J Appl Sci Environ Manag 22:1363–1368. https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v22i8.36
Sobhani B, Safarianzengir V, Kianian MK (2019a) Drought monitoring in the Lake Urmia basin in Iran. Arab J Geosci 12:448. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-019-4571-1
Sobhani B, Safarianzengir V, Kianian MK (2019b) Modeling, monitoring and prediction of drought in Iran. Iran (Iranica) J Energy Environ 10:216–224. https://doi.org/10.5829/ijee.2019.10.03.09
Sobhani B, Safarianzengir V, Miridizaj F (2019c) Feasibility study of potato cultivating of Ardabil province in Iran based on VIKOR model. Rev Agric 10:92–102
Sobhani B, Jafarzadehaliabad L, Safarianzengir V (2020a) Investigating the effects of drought on the environment in northwestern province of Iran, Ardabil, using combined indices, Iran. Model Earth Syst Environ 6:983–993. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-020-00733-w
Sobhani B, Safarianzengir V, Yazdani MH (2020b) Modelling, evaluation and simulation of drought in Iran, southwest Asia. J Earth Syst Sci 129:100 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-020-1355-7
Soltani T, Mofidi A, Gandomkar A (2015) Synoptic investigation of highly polluted days in Mashhad (case study: 13 and 14 November 2007). J Spat Anal Environ Hazards 4:95–112
Song Y, Li M, Zhang M, Sun X (2019) Study on the impact of air pollution control on urban residents’ happiness from microscopic perspective. J Clean Prod 229:1307–1318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.05.070
Susan MK, Africa F, Robert EG, Absae S, James N, Robinson M, Ashutosh L, Daniel EI (2018) Mapping threats to agriculture in East Africa: performance of MODIS derived LST for frost identification in Kenyas tea plantations. Int J Appl Earth Obs Geoinf 72:131–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2018.05.009
Tiwary A, Colls J (2010) Air pollution: measurement, modelling and mitigation, Third edn. Routledge, Taylor and Francis group, 528 p
Tsolmon R, Ochirkhuyag L, Sternberg T (2008) Monitoring the source of trans-national dust storms in North East Asia. Int J Digit Earth 1:119–129
Vanino S, Nino P, De Michele C, Falanga Bolognesi S, D'Urso G, Di Bene C, Pennelli B, Vuolo F, Farina R, Pulighe G, Napoli R (2018) Capability of Sentinel-2 data for estimating maximum evapotranspiration and irrigation requirements for tomato crop in Central Italy. Remote Sens Environ 215:452–470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2018.06.035
Wan Z (1999) MODIS landsurface temperature algorithm theoretical basis document. Institute for Computational Earth System Science University of California Santa Barbara 3:1–77
Wang L, Yuesi W, Jinyuan X, Zhanqing L, Xiaoyuan W (2010) Assessment and comparison of three years of Terra and Aqua MODIS Aerosol Optical Depth Retrieval (C005) in Chinese terrestrial regions. Atmos Res 97:229–240
Wu Q, Lu J (2020) Air pollution, individual investors, and stock pricing in China. Int Rev Econ Financ 67:267–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2020.02.001
Acknowledgments
We acknowledge the Sentinel-5 satellite, Terra satellite and MODIS sensor and personnel and scientists for their efforts and data sharing and for the production.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Safarianzengir, V., Sobhani, B., Yazdani, M.H. et al. Monitoring, analysis and spatial and temporal zoning of air pollution (carbon monoxide) using Sentinel-5 satellite data for health management in Iran, located in the Middle East. Air Qual Atmos Health 13, 709–719 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-020-00827-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-020-00827-5