Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Identification of hot spots and well managed areas of Pichavaram mangrove using Landsat TM and Resourcesat—1 LISS IV: an example of coastal resource conservation along Tamil Nadu Coast, India

  • Published:
Journal of Coastal Conservation Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The present work is a multi-temporal satellite based study on the spatial dynamic of an important coastal habitat, the Pichavaram mangrove ecosystem, over a period of 15 years. The Pichavaram mangrove forest near Chidambaram, South India is the second largest mangrove forest in the world. Unsupervised classification, the Iterative Self Organising Data Analysis Technique (ISODATA), has been used to classify the mangrove cover into the open and dense classes. The status of the classes has been monitored using Landsat TM of 1991, 2001, and Resourcesat–1 LISS IV of 2006 satellite data. The study demonstrated that by classifying mangrove ecosystem into just the 3 classes using remote sensing data and by studying their temporal variations, it is possible to get a reasonably accurate picture of the extent and condition of the mangrove ecosystem. The total area of the Pichavaram mangrove showed a net increase of 2.51 km2 within a span of 15 years (1991 to 2006). The hot spots that are at a risk of being degraded, and on the other hand, the mangrove areas that are well managed are identified using Geographical Information System (GIS) tools for the restoration and conservation measures.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

ERDAS:

Earth Resources Data Analysis Systems

ESRI:

Environmental Systems Research Institute

FCC:

False Colour Composite

GIS:

Geographical Information System

GOES:

Global Observatory for Ecosystem Services

IRS-P6:

Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (Resource Satellite 1)

ISODATA:

Iterative Self Organising Data Analysis Technique

Landsat MSS:

Land satellite Multispectral Scanner System

Landsat TM:

Land satellite Thematic Mapper

LISS:

Linear Imaging Self-Scanner

NRSA:

National Remote Sensing Agency

Resourcesat:

Resource satellite

RGB:

Red Green Blue

SPOT:

Satellite Pour l’Observation de la Terre

References

  • Baltzera F, Allison M, Fromard F (2004) Material exchange between the continental shelf and mangrove-fringed coasts with special reference to the Amazon- Guianas coast. Mar Geol 208:115–126

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barbier EB, Cox M, Sarntisart I (2004) Household use of mangrove and mangrove conservation decisions. In: Barbier EB, Suthawan S (eds) Shrimp farming and mangrove loss in Thailand. Edward Elgar, London, pp 115–130

    Google Scholar 

  • Bird M, Chua S, Fifield LK, The TS, Lai J (2004) Evolution of the Sungei Buloh–Kranji mangrove coast, Singapore. Appl Geogr 24:181–198

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blasco F, Gauquelin T, Rasolofoharinoro M, Denis J, Aizpuru M, Caldairou V (1998) Recent advances in mangrove studies using remote sensing data. Marine and Freshwater Research 49(4):287–296

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bunt JS (1992) The ecology of mangrove and related ecosystems. In: Jaccarini V, Martens E (eds) Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1992, 266 pp., Proceedings of the International Symposium held at Mombasa, Kenya, 24–30 September 1990, Aquat Bot 49(2–3), August 1994, pp 198–199

  • Chauhan HB, Dwivedi RM (2007) Inter sensor comparison between RESOURCESAT LISS III, LISS IV and AWiFS with reference to coastal landuse/landcover studies. Int J App Earth Obs Geoinfo 10(2):181–185

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dwivedi RS, Rao BRM, Bhattacharya S (1999) Mapping wetlands of the Sundarban delta and its environs using ERS-1 SAR data. Int J Remote Sens 20:2235–2247

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • FAO (2006) Global First Global Resource Assessment 2005-Progress towards sustainable management. FAO Forestry Paper 147, FAO Rome

  • FAO (2007) The World’s Mangrove 1980–2005, A thematic study prepared in the frame work of the Global Forest Resources Assessment, 2005. FAO Forestry Paper 153, FAO Rome

  • Fromard F, Vega C, Proisy C (2004) Half a century of dynamic coastal change affecting mangrove shorelines of French Guiana. A case study based on remote sensing data analyses and field surveys. Mar Geol 208:265–280

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giri C, Pengra B, Zhu Z, Singh A, Tieszen LL (2007) Monitoring mangrove forest dynamics of the Sundarbans in Bangladesh and India using multi-temporal satellite data from 1973 to 2000. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 73:91–100

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Green EP, Clark CD, Mumby PJ, Edwards AJ, Ellis AC (1998) Remote sensing techniques for mangrove mapping. Int J Remote Sens 19(5):935–956

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ICMAM (2000) ICMAM Report on “Critical habitat Information System using GIS for Pichavaram Mangrove South India. Available via http://www.icmam.gov.in. Accessed on April 13, 2009

  • Jensen JR (1985) Introductory Digital Image Processing. Prentice Hall PTR Upper Saddle River, New Jersey

    Google Scholar 

  • Kathiresan K (1995) Rhizophora annamalayana: a new species of mangroves. Envir Ecol 13:240–241

    Google Scholar 

  • Kathiresan K (2000) A review of studies on Pichavaram mangrove, southeast India. Hydrobiol 30:185–205

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kathiresan K (2005) Distribution of mangroves. In: Kathiresan K, Khan SA (eds) UNU-INWEH-UNESCO

  • Kathiresan K, Rajendran N (2005) Coastal mangrove forests mitigated tsunami. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 65:601–606

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kathiresan K, Ramanathan T (1997) Medicinal plants of Parangipettai coast. PA: CASMB. Annamalai University, India, p 79

    Google Scholar 

  • Kathiresan K, Rajendran N, Thangadurai G (1996) Growth of mangrove seedlings in intertidal area of Vellar estuary southeast coast of India. Ind J Mar Sci 25:240–243

    Google Scholar 

  • Kovacs JM, Flores-Verdugo F (2005) Mapping mangrove leaf area index at the species level using IKONOS and LAI-2000 sensors for the Agua Brava Lagoon, Mexican Pacific. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 62:377–384

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kovacs JM, Flores-Verdugo F, Wang J, Aspden LP (2004) Estimating leaf area index of a degraded mangrove forest using high spatial resolution satellite data. Aquat Bot 80:13–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krishnamurthy K, Prince-Jeyaseelan MJ (1983) The Pichavaram (India) mangrove ecosystem. Int J Ecol Envir Sci 9:79–85

    Google Scholar 

  • Linneweber V, de Lacerda LD (2002) Mangrove ecosystems: function and management. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Long BG, Skewes TD (1996) A Technique for Mapping Mangroves with Landsat TM Satellite Data and Geographic Information System. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 43:373–381

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lunetta RS (1999) Remote sensing change detection; environmental monitoring methods and applications. In: Lunetta RS, Elvidge CD (eds) Environmental monitoring methods and applications. Taylor & Francis, London, pp 318

    Google Scholar 

  • McKee KL (2005) Global change impacts on mangrove ecosystems. USGS Fact Sheet 2004–3125. Available via http://www.nwrc.usgs.gov/factshts/2004-3125.pdf. Accessed on April 10, 2009

  • Muniyandi K (1986) Studies on mangroves of Pichavaram (southeast coast of India). Ph.D Thesis, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, India: 215 p

  • Nayak S (2002) Use of satellite data in coastal mapping. Indian Cartographer, CMMC-01, 147–156

  • Nayak S, Bahugunam A (2001) Application of remote sensing data to monitor mangroves and other coastal vegetation of India. Ind J Mar Sci 30(4):195–213

    Google Scholar 

  • Nayak S, Chauhan P, Chauhan HB, Bahuguna A, Nath-Narendra A (1996) IRS-1 C application for coastal zone management. Curr Sci 70(7):614–618

    Google Scholar 

  • Nayak S, Sarangi RK, Rajawat AS (2001) Application of IRS P4 OCM data to study the impact of cyclone on coastal environment of Orissa. Curr Sci 80:1208–1213

    Google Scholar 

  • Prasad MBK (2005) Nutrient dynamics in Pichavaram mangroves, southeast coast of India. Ph D Thesis, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India

  • Ranjan RK, Al R, Singh G, Chidambaram S (2008a) Assessment of metal enrichments in tsunamigenic sediments of Pichavaram mangroves, southeast coast of India. Environ Monit Assess 147:389–411. doi:10.1007/s10661-007-0128-y

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ranjan RK, Ramanathan AL, Singh G (2008b) Evaluation of geochemical impact of tsunami on Pichavaram mangrove ecosystem, southeast coast of India. Environ Geol 55:687–697. doi:10.1007/s00254-007-1019-9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ranjit Daniels RJ, Jayshree Vencatesan R, Krishnamani SK, Dutta C, Sivasubramanian R, Sivakkumar A, Manimekalan, KM, Sanjib D (2006) The ground beneath the water. Post–tsunami Impact assessment of wildlife and their habitats in India. In: Kaul R and Menon V (eds) The main land

  • Schwamborn R, Saint-Paul U (1996) Mangroves - Forgotten Forests? Natural Resources and Development 43/44:13–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Selvam V (2003) Environmental classification of mangrove wetlands of India. Curr Sci 84(6):757–765

    Google Scholar 

  • Selvam V, Ravichandran KK, Gnanappazham L, Navamuniyammal-Taramani M (2003) Assessment of community-based restoration of Pichavaram mangrove wetland using remote sensing data. Curr Sci 85(6):795–797

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh A (1989) Review article—digital change detection techniques using remotely sensed data. Int J Remote Sens 10(6):989–1003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spalding M (1997) The global distribution and status of mangrove ecosystems. International News Letter of Coastal Management-Intercoast Network, Special edition 1:20–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Spalding MD, Blasco F, Field CD (1997) World Mangrove Atlas. Int Soc Mangrove Ecosys, Okinawa

  • Twilley RR, Chen R, Hargis T (1992) Carbon sinks in mangroves and their implication to carbon budget of tropical ecosystems. Water, Air and Soil Poll 64:265–288

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilkie ML, Fortune S (2003) Status and trends of mangrove extent worldwide. Available via http://www.fao.org/documents/show_cdr.asp?Url_file¼/docrep/007/j1533e/J1533E41.htm. Assessed on April 10, 2009

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to Dr. P. S. Goel, former Secretary, Ministry of Earth Sciences, for his encouragement. The authors would like to thank Global Observatory for Ecosystem Services (GOES), Michigan State University for the Landsat data available on their Website. This is INCOIS contribution number 77.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS), Hyderabad, 500 055, India

    T. Srinivasa Kumar & R. S. Mahendra

  2. Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), New Delhi, 110003, India

    Shailesh Nayak

  3. Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), Thiruvananthapuram, 695022, India

    K. Radhakrishnan

  4. Department of Marine Science, Berhampur University, Berhampur, 760 007, India

    Kali C. Sahu

Authors
  1. T. Srinivasa Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. R. S. Mahendra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Shailesh Nayak
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. K. Radhakrishnan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Kali C. Sahu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to T. Srinivasa Kumar.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Srinivasa Kumar, T., Mahendra, R.S., Nayak, S. et al. Identification of hot spots and well managed areas of Pichavaram mangrove using Landsat TM and Resourcesat—1 LISS IV: an example of coastal resource conservation along Tamil Nadu Coast, India. J Coast Conserv 16, 1–12 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11852-011-0162-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11852-011-0162-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation