Abstract
Incorporating people’s values into forest management plans is an important component of sustainable forestry practice. Q methodology was used to identify perspectives on sustainable management of a community-owned forest reserve in a village in Puebla, Mexico. The study demonstrates the value of Q methodology in characterizing the views of citizens toward the forest and accommodating these views in a sustainable forest management plan. The plan we developed based on our research enjoyed widespread community support and far outdistanced its support of two alternative plans developed by outsiders. Our plan reflected the village’s strong preference for non-consumptive uses with regulated timber harvesting to sustain the ecological health of the forest and to provide short-term economic benefits.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
This background was extracted from an unpublished document, Ordenacion Territorial del Municipio de Tlahuapan, which is part of a project established by the ONG Enlace and the government of Puebla.
The current condition of some areas of the forest is poor. Unhealthy old grow forest is predominant as well as a large population of seedling with low probability of development without thinning.
A detail discussion on the analysis and deliberation meetings is not part of the objective of this paper.
References
Adam MC, Kneeshaw D (2008) Local level criteria and indicator frameworks: a tool used to assess aboriginal forest ecosystem values. For Ecol Manag 255:2024–2037. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2007.12.051
Alteiri MA, Rojas A (1999) Ecological impacts of Chile’s neoliberal policies, with special emphasis on agroecosystems. Environ Develop Sustain 1:55–72
Arvai JL, Gregory R, McDaniels TL (2001) Testing a structured decision approach: value-focused thinking for deliberative risk communication. Risk Anal 21(6):1065–1076. doi:10.1111/0272-4332.216175
Barry J, Proops J (1999) Seeking sustainability discourses with q methodology. Ecol Econ 28(3):337–345. doi:10.1016/S0921-8009(98)00053-6
Benjade M, Ojha H (2005) Facilitating deliberative governance: innovations from Nepal’s community forestry program—a case study in Karmapunya. For Chron 81(3):403–408
Berkes F, Folke C (1998) Linking social and ecological systems for resilience and sustainability. In: Berkers F, Folke C (eds) Linking social and ecological systems. Management practices and social mechanism for building resilience. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 1–22
Berninger K, Kneeshaw D, Messier C (2009) The role of cultural models in local perceptions of SFM—differences and similarities of interest groups from three boreal regions. J Environ Manag 90(2):740–751. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.01.004
Blanchet K (2001) Participatory development: between hopes and reality. Int Soc Sci J 53:637–641. doi:10.1111/1468-2451.00350
Brown SR (1980) Political subjectivity: applications of Q methodology in political science. Yale University Press, New Haven
Brown SR (1993) A primer on Q methodology. Operant Subj 16(3/4):91–138
Carr DS, Halvorsen K (2001) An evaluation of three democratic, community-based approaches to citizen participation: surveys, conversations with community groups, and community dinners. Soc Nat Res 14:107–126. doi:10.1080/089419201300000526
Carruthers D (2001) Environmental politics in Chile: legacies of dictatorship and democracy. Third World Quart 22(3):343–358. doi:10.1080/01436590120061642
Clarke AH (2002) Understanding sustainable development in the context of emergent environmental perspectives. Pol Sci 35:69–90
Cojti-Cuxil D (1998) The theory and practice of indigenous development. In indigenous development: poverty, democracy and sustainability. First General Assembly of the Found for the Development of the Indigenous People of the Latin America and the Caribbean, Washington
Dasgupta P, Vira B (2005) Q methodology for mapping stakeholder perceptions in participatory forest management. Institute of Economic Growth Deli, Delhi
Dourojeanni MJ, Seve JE (2006) Synthesis report on ex-post evaluations. Overall evaluation of ITTO projects on community participation in sustainable forest management. In: Thirty Ninth Session, Yokohama, Japan: ITTO International Tropical Timber Organization, Yokohama
FAO.(2007) Towards sustainable forest management. http://www.fao.org/forestry/site/sfm/en/. November 2007. Accessed Jan 2009
Focht W (2002) Assessment and management of policy conflict in the Illinois river watershed in Oklahoma: an application of Q methodology. Int J Public Admin 25:1311–1349. doi:10.1081/PAD-120013349
Focht W, Lawler J (2000) Environmental policy. an application of Q methodology. In: Addams H, Proops J (eds) Using Q methodology to facilitate policy dialogue. Edward Elgar Publishing, Northampton, pp 100–122
Fraser EDG, Dougill AJ, Mabee WE, Reed M, McAlpine P (2006) Bottom up and top down: analysis of participatory processes for sustainability indicator identification as a pathway to community empowerment and sustainable environmental management. J Environ Manag 78(2):114–127. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.04.009
Harrison S, Suh J (2004) Progress and prospects of community forestry in developing and developed countries. Small-scale For Econ Manag Pol 3(3):287–302. doi:10.1007/s11842-004-0021-2
Hooker AM (2001) Beliefs regarding society and nature: a framework for listening in forest and environmental policy. Operant Subj 24:159–182
Hunt LM, Haider W (2001) Fair and effective decision making in forest management planning. Soc Nat Res 14:873–887. doi:10.1080/089419201753242788
Klooster DJ (2002) Toward adaptive community forest management: integrating local forest knowledge with scientific forestry. Econ Geogr 78(1):43–70. doi:10.1111/j.1944-8287.2002.tb00175.x
Knopp T, Caldbeck ES (1990) The role of participatory democracy in forest management. J For 88(5):13–18
Lane MB, McDonald G (2005) Community-based environmental planning: operational dilemmas, planning principles and possible remedies. J Environ Plan Manag 48(5):709–731. doi:10.1080/09640560500182985
McFarlane BL, Boxall PC (2000) Factors influencing forest values and attitudes of two stakeholder groups: the case of the foothills model forest, Alberta, Canada. Soc Nat Res 13(7):649–651. doi:10.1080/08941920050121927
McKeown B, Thomas D (1988) Q methodology. SAGE Publications, Newbury Park
Menzies NK (2007) Our forest, your ecosystem, their timber. Columbia University Press, New York
Midlarsky MI (1998) Democracy and the environment: an empirical assessment. J Peace Res 35(3):341–361. doi:10.1177/0022343398035003005
Mitchell RE (2006) Environmental governance in Mexico: two case studies of Oaxaca’s community forest sector. J Latin Am Stud 38:519–548. doi:10.1017/S0022216X06001155
Mrosek T, Balsillie D, Schleifenbaum P (2006) Field testing of a criteria and indicators system for sustainable forest management at the local level. Case study results concerning the sustainability of the private forest Haliburton forest and wild life reserve in Ontario, Canada. For Pol Econ 8 (6):593–609. doi:10.1016/j.forpol.2004.11.002
Niemeyer S, Dryzek JS (2007) The ends of deliberation: metaconsensus and intersubjective rationality as ideal outcomes. Swiss Pol Sci Rev 13:497–526. doi:10.1002/j.1662-6370.2007.tb00087.x
Nijnik M (2005) The use of Q methodology to understand public perspectives on forest’s contribution to climate change mitigation. Sustainable Forestry in Theory and Practice, Edinburg
Nijnik M, Nijnik A, Bizikova L (2009) Analysing the development of small-scale forestry in Central and Eastern Europe. Small-scale For 8:159–174. doi:10.1007/sl1842-009-9077-3
Ockwell D (2006) Empirical analysing the implications of discursive democracy for environmental sustainability. Int J Environ Cult Econ Soc Sustain 2:173–182
Ockwell D (2008) Opening up policy to reflexive appraisal: a role for Q methodology? A case study of fire management in Cape York, Australia. Pol Sci 41(4):263–292. doi:10.1007/s11077-008-9066-y
Parkins JR, Mitchell RE (2005) Public participation as public debate: a deliberative turn in natural resources management. Soc Nat Res 18:529–540. doi:10.1080/08941920590947977
Pelletier D, Kraak V, McCullum C, Uusitalo U, Rich R (1999) The shaping of collective values through deliberative democracy: an empirical study from New York’s North Country. Pol Sci 32:103–131
Pierce-Colfer CJP (2005) The equitable forest: diversity, community, and resource management. Resources for the Future and CIFOR, Washington, DC
PQMethod (2002) v. 2.11. The QMethod page. http://www.lrz-muenchen.de/~schmolck/qmethod. Accessed l July 2008
Pujadas A, Castillo A (2007) Social participation in conservation efforts: a case study of a biosphere reserve on private lands in Mexico. Soc Nat Res 20(1):57–72. doi:10.1080/08941920600981371
Richards M, Davies J, Yaron G (2003) Stakeholder incentives in participatory forest management, a manual for economic analysis. ITDG, East Sussex
Rowe G, Frewer LJ (2004) Evaluating public- participation exercises: a research agenda. Sci Technol Human Val 29(4):512–557
Sheppard SRJ (2005) Participatory decision support for sustainable forest management: a framework for planning with local communities at the landscape level in Canada. Can J For Res-Reve Canadienne De Recherche Forestiere 35(7):1515–1526
Sheppard SRJ, Meitner M (2005) Using multi-criteria analysis and visualisation for sustainable forest management planning with stakeholder groups. For Ecol Manag 207(1–2):171–187. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2004.10.032
Sherry E, Halseth R, Fondahl G, Karjala M, Leon B (2005) Local-level criteria and indicators: an aboriginal perspective on sustainable forest management. Forestry 78(5):513–539. doi:10.1093/forestry/cpi048
Steelman TA, Maguire LA (1999) Understanding participant perspectives: Q methodology in national forest management. J Policy Anal Manag 18(3):361–388
Stephenson W (1953) The study of behavior: Q technique and its methodology. University of Chicago Press, Chicago
Stoll-Kleemann S, O’Riordan T (2002) From participation to partnership in biodiversity protection: experience from Germany and South Africa. Soc Nat Res 15:161–177. doi:10.1080/089419202753403337
Swedeen P (2006) Post-normal science in practice: a q study of the potential for sustainable forestry in Washington State, USA. Ecol Econ 57(2):190–208. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.04.003
Winter C (2005) Preferences and values for forest and wetlands: a comparison of farmers, environmentalists, and the general public in Australia. Soc Nat Res 18:541–555. doi:10.1080/08941920590947986
Woodley S, Alward G, Gutierrez L I, Hoekstra T, Holt B, Livingston L, Loo J, Skibicki A, Williams C, Wright P (1999) North American test for criteria and indicators of sustainable forestry: USDA Forest Service Inventory and Monitoring Institute
Wright PA, Colby JL, Gregory A, Hoekstra TW, Tegler B, Turner M (2002) Monitoring for forest management unit scale sustainability: the local unit criteria and indicators development (lucid) test: USDA Forest Service
Xu Z, Bengston DN (1997) Trends in national forest values among forestry professionals, environmentalists, and the news media, 1982–1993. Soc Nat Res 10(1):43–59. doi:10.1080/08941929709381008
Acknowledgment
This project was supported by the Associate Dean of Academics at the College of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources in Oklahoma State University and the office of the Vice president for Outreach and Development at Universidad Popular Autonoma del Estado de Puebla, Mexico. Special thanks to the members of the community La Preciosita for their willingness to participate and Mr. James Esbenshade for the 2007 scholarship in Rural Sustainability. We also thank our two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments that greatly improved this paper.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rodriguez-Piñeros, S., Focht, W., Lewis, D.K. et al. Incorporating Values into Community-Scale Sustainable Forest Management Plans: An Application of Q Methodology. Small-scale Forestry 11, 167–183 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11842-011-9182-y
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11842-011-9182-y