Abstract
Cerium is a promising alloying element that may improve the mechanical properties of aluminum-based alloys. However, the effect of Ce on the microstructural and mechanical behavior of complex-alloyed aluminum-based alloys has not been studied well. In this work, we have analyzed the effect of Ce and Fe co-addition on the phase structure, grain structure, and tensile characteristics of the Al-Mg alloy at ambient and elevated temperatures. X-ray and microstructural studies involving scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy methods have been used in order to identify the phase composition of the Al-Mg-Fe-Ce alloy. Two Ce-bearing constituent phases have been identified and their morphology has been analyzed. Uniaxial tensile test experiments were used to study the mechanical characteristics of the samples processed by simple thermomechanical treatment. The Ce- and Fe-modified alloy exhibits fine-grained structure and superplasticity at sub-solidus temperatures, increased yield strength, and good room temperature ductility.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
N.A. Belov, E.A. Naumova, and D.G. Eskin, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 271, 134 (1999).
N.A. Belov and A.V. Khvan, Acta Mater. 55, 5473 (2007).
E.T. Stromme, H.B. Henderson, Z.C. Sims, M.S. Kesler, D. Weiss, R.T. Ott, F. Meng, S. Kassoumeh, J. Evangelista, G. Begley, and O. Rios, JOM 70, 866 (2018).
N.A. Belov, A.A. Aksenov, and D.G. Eskin, Iron in Aluminium Alloys: Impurity and Alloying Element, 1st ed. (London: Taylor and Francis, 2002), p. 360.
Z.C. Sims, O. Rios, S.K. McCall, T. Van Buuren, R.T. Ott, Light Metals, 111 (2016).
Z. Zhang, X. Bian, and Y. Wang, Zeitschrift für Metallkunde 93, 578 (2002).
V.M. Vončina, S. Kores, P. Mrvar, and J. Medved, J. Alloy. Compd. 509, 7349 (2011).
A.S. Anasyida, A.R. Daud, and M.J. Ghazali, Mat. Des. 31, 365 (2010).
A.V. Krainikov and O.D. Neikov, Powder Metall. Met. Ceram. 51, 554 (2013).
J. Wadsworth and F.H. Froes, JOM 41, 12 (1989).
N.A. Belov and A.V. Khvan, Russ. J. Non-ferrous Metals 48, 45 (2007).
J. Gröbner, D. Mirković, and R. Schmid-Fetzer, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 35A, 3349 (2004).
Z.M. Shi, K. Gao, Y.T. Shi, and Y. Wang, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 632, 62 (2015).
F.G. Coury, W.J. Botta, C. Bolfarini, C.S. Kiminami, and M.J. Kaufman, Acta Mater. 98, 221 (2015).
F.G. Coury, E.L. Pires, W. Wolf, F.H.P. Almeida, A.L.C. Silva, W.J. Botta, C.S. Kiminami, and M.J. Kaufman, J. Alloy. Compd. 727, 460 (2017).
D.R. Manca, A.Y. Churyumov, A.V. Pozdniakov, A.S. Prosviryakov, D.K. Ryabov, A.Y. Krokhin, V.A. Korolev, and D.K. Daubarayte, Met. Mater. Int. 25, 633 (2019).
A. Plotkowski, O. Rios, N. Sridharan, Z. Sims, K. Unocic, R.T. Ott, R.R. Dehoff, and S.S. Babu, Acta Mater. 126, 507 (2017).
V.S. Zolotorevsky, N.A. Belov, and M.V. Glazoff, Cast. Alum. Alloys (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-045370-5.X5001-9.
A. Inoue, M. Watanabe, H. Kimura, F. Takahashi, A. Nagata, and T. Masumoto, Mater. Trans. JIM 33, 723 (1992).
N.A. Belov, A.V. Khvan, and A.N. Alabin, Mat. Sci. Forum 519, 395 (2006).
M. Glazoff, A. Khvan, V. Zolotorevsky, N. Belov, and A. Dinsdale, Casting Aluminum Alloys, 2nd ed. (London: Elsevier Ltd., 2007), p. 562.
L.F. Mondolfo, Aluminum Alloys: Structure and Properties (London: Butterworths and Co, 1976), p. 806.
K.N. Ramakrishnan, Mater. Charact. 33, 119 (1994).
M. Fass, D. Eliezer, E. Aghion, and F.H. Froes, J. Mater. Sci. 33, 833 (1998).
A. Kamio, H. Tezuka, T. Sato, T. Takahashi, and T.T. Long, J. Jpn. Inst. Light Metals 35, 439 (1985).
G. Waterloo and H. Jones, J. Mater. Sci. 31, 2301 (1996).
M.Y. Murashkin, I. Sabirov, A.E. Medvedev, N.A. Enikeev, W. Lefebvre, R.Z. Valiev, and X. Sauvage, Mat. Des. 90, 433 (2016).
A.E. Medvedev, M.Y. Murashkin, N.A. Enikeev, R.Z. Valiev, P.D. Hodgson, and R. Lapovok, J. Alloy. Compd. 745, 696 (2018).
A. Mogucheva, D. Zyabkin, and R. Kaibyshev, Mat. Sci. Forum 706–709, 361 (2012).
R. Ayer, R.R. Mueller, J.C. Scanlon, and C.F. Klein, Metall. Trans. A (Physical Metall. Mater. Sci. 19A, 1645 (1988).
Ö.M.L. Öveçoglu, C. Suryanarayana, and W.D. Nix, MMTA 27, 1033 (1996).
B. Grieb, Bull. Alloy Phase Diagr. 10, 669 (1989).
M.C. Gao, N. Ünlü, G.J. Shiflet, M. Mihalkovic, and M. Widom, Metall. Mat. Trans. A 36, 3269 (2005).
Z.C. Sims, D. Weiss, S.K. McCall, M.A. McGuire, R.T. Ott, T. Geer, O. Rios, and P.A.E. Turchi, JOM 68, 1940 (2016).
H. Qu, W. Liu, and Y. Liu, Adv. Mater. Res. 194, 1291 (2011).
D.G. Eskin and L.S. Toropova, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 183, 1 (1994).
O. Engler, G. Laptyeva, and N. Wang, Mater. Charact. 79, 60 (2013).
Ch Zhang, Y. Wu, X. Cai, F. Zhao, S. Zheng, G. Zhou, and S. Wu, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 323, 226 (2002).
D. Weiss, SAE Tech. Paper 32, 0019 (2016). https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-32-0019.
N.A. Belov, D.G. Eskin, A.A.N.A. Aksenov, A.A. Belov, and D.G.Eskin Aksenov, Multicomponent Phase Diagrams: Applications for Commercial Aluminum Alloys, 1st ed. (London: Elsevier Ltd, 2005), p. 413.https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-044537-3.X5000-8.
L.Y. Yang, J.G. Zhao, and W.S. Zhan, J. Phys. F Met. Phys. 17, 97 (1987).
L.M. Angers, L.D. Marks, J.R. Weertman, and M.E. Fine, MRS Proc. 62, 255 (1986).
K.O. Odinaev and I.N. Ganiev, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR. Met. 161 (1995).
J. Gröbner, D. Kevorkov, and R. Schmid-Fetzer, Intermetallics 10, 415 (2002).
A.E. Medvedev, M.Y. Murashkin, N.A. Enikeev, I. Bikmukhametov, R.Z. Valiev, P.D. Hodgson, and R. Lapovok, J. Alloy. Compd. 796, 321 (2019).
X.L. Shi, R.S. Mishra, and T.J. Watson, Mater. Sci. Eng., A 494, 247 (2008).
E. Nes and J.A. Wert, Scr. Metall. 18, 1433 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1016/0036-9748(84)90381-8.
F.J. Humphreys, Acta Metall. 25, 1323 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(77)90109-2.
F.J. Humphreys, Met. Sci. 13, 136 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1179/msc.1979.13.3-4.136.
K. Huang, K. Marthinsen, Q. Zhao, and R.E. Logé, Prog. Mat. Sci. 92, 284 (2018).
A. Rollett, F. Humphreys, G.S. Rohrer, and M. Hatherly, Recrystallization and Related Annealing Phenomena, 2nd ed. (Oxford: Pergamon Press, 2004), p. 658.
A.V. Mikhaylovskaya, M.A. Ryazantseva, and V.K. Portnoy, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 528, 7306 (2011).
E.W. Lee and T.R. McNelley, JOM 39, 57 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03257546.
Z. Jia, G. Hu, B. Forbord, and J.K. Solberg, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 444, 284 (2007).
C.S. Smith, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 175, 15 (1948). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-010-9364-6.
F.J. Humphreys, P.B. Prangnell, and R. Priestner, Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci. 5, 15 (2001).
M.J. Jones and F.J. Humphreys, Acta Mater. 51, 2149 (2003).
A.V. Mikhaylovskaya, A.A. Kishchik, A.D. Kotov, O.V. Rofman, and N.Y. Tabachkova, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 760, 37 (2019).
W.E. Frazier, E.W. Lee, M.E. Donnellan, and J.J. Thompson, JOM 41, 22 (1989).
J. Hirsch, Fundamentals of Aluminium Metallurgy, Production, Processing and Applications, 719 (2011).
T.G. Langdon, J. Mater. Sci. 44, 5998 (2009).
B.J. Dunwoody, in Mater. Sci. Forum (2001), pp. 59–64.
P.A. Schweitzer, in Corros. Corros. Prot. Handbook, 2nd Edn. (2017), pp. 23–32.
A.A. Kishchik, A.V. Mikhaylovskaya, V.S. Levchenko, and V.K. Portnoy, Phys. Met. Metallogr. 118, 96 (2017).
K.B. Hyde and P.S. Bate, Acta Mater. 53, 4313 (2005).
W. Xu, M. Ferry, J.M. Cairney, and F.J. Humphreys, Acta Mater. 55, 5157 (2007).
H. Miura, T. Sakai, A. Belyakov, G. Gottstein, M. Crumbach, and J. Verhasselt, Acta Mater. 51, 1507 (2003).
J. Oliver, J. Chem. Inf. Model. 53, 1689 (2013).
A.O.F. Hayama, H.R.Z. Sandim, J.F.C. Lins, M.F. Hupalo, and A.F. Padilha, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 371, 198 (2004).
D. Sorgente and L. Tricarico, Int. J. Mater. Form. 7, 179 (2014).
M.H. Hojjati, M. Zoorabadi, and S.J. Hosseinipour, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 205, 482 (2008).
M.T. Pérez-Prado, G. González-Doncel, O.A. Ruano, and T.R. McNelley, Acta Mater. 49, 2259 (2001).
H. Masuda, T. Kanazawa, H. Tobe, and E. Sato, Scr. Mater. 149, 84 (2018).
T. Kudo, A. Goto, and K. Saito, Mat. Sci. Forum 735, 271 (2013).
A.V. Mikhaylovskaya, O.A. Yakovtseva, I.S. Golovin, A.V. Pozdniakov, and V.K. Portnoy, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 627, 31 (2015).
T.G. Nieh, J. Wadsworth, and O.D. Sherby, Superplasticity in Metals and Ceramics, 1st ed. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), p. 288.
O.D. Sherby and E.M. Taleff, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 322, 89 (2002).
M.T. Perez-Prado and M.E. Kassner, in Fundam. Creep Met. Alloy. 3rd Edn. (2015), pp. 139–157.
A.A. Kishchik, A.V. Mikhaylovskaya, A.D. Kotov, O.V. Rofman, and V.K. Portnoy, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 718, 190 (2018).
K. Matsuki, H. Morita, M. Yamada, and Y. Murakami, Met. Sci. 11, 156 (1977).
F. Li, D.H. Bae, and A.K. Ghosh, Acta Mater. 45, 3887 (1997).
T.G. Langdon, Philos. Mag. 22, 689 (1970).
J.R. Spingarn and W.D. Nix, Acta Metall. 26, 1389 (1978).
R.I. Todd, Mater. Sci. Technol. 16, 1287 (2000).
K. Sotoudeh and P.S. Bate, Acta Mater. 58, 1909 (2010).
H. Masuda, H. Tobe, T. Hara, and E. Sato, Scr. Mater. 164, 82 (2019).
M.A. Clark and T.H. Alden, Acta Metall. 21, 1195 (1973).
D.G. Eskin, Miner. Met. Mater. Ser. (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72284-9_204.
Y.A. Filatov, V.I. Yelagin, and V.V. Zakharov, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 280, 97 (2000).
Acknowledgements
The work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation [Grant # 17-79-20426].
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mikhaylovskaya, A.V., Kishchik, A.A., Tabachkova, N.Y. et al. Microstructural Characterization and Tensile Properties of Al-Mg-Fe-Ce Alloy at Room and Elevated Temperatures. JOM 72, 1619–1626 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-020-04039-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-020-04039-1