Abstract
Aluminide coatings were applied to the surfaces of several austenitic stainless steels—UNS S30300, S30400, S30900, S31000, and S31600 (Type 303, 304, 309, 310, and 316)—by the halide activated pack cementation process. The coating compositions, microstructures, and hardness were determined for the different steels coated at 850°C for 25 h. The stability of the austenite phase for each type of steel was calculated by determining the ratio of the nickel to the chromium equivalents based on their nominal compositions. The thickness of the inner diffusion zone in the coating was shown to be inversely related to the austenite stability of the steels. Microhardness measurements were obtained across the coating thickness and into the substrate. The hardness values followed the same trends as the aluminum composition profile into the substrate.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
M.F. McGuire, Stainless Steels for Design Engineers (Materials Park, OH: ASM International, 2008), pp. 69–78.
S. Şahim and M. Übeyli, J. Fus. Energy 27, 271 (2008).
G.W. Goward, Surf. Coat. Technol. 108–109, 73 (1998).
V.A. Ravi, ASM Handbook 13A (Materials Park, OH: ASM International, 2003), pp. 759–771.
V.A. Ravi, T.K. Nguyen, and J.C. Nava, Thermochemical Surface Engineering of Steels, ed. E.J. Mittemeijer and M.A.J. Somers (Waltham, MA: Elsevier Inc., 2014).
V.A. Ravi, J. Koch, C. Kouttjie, and T.K. Nguyen (Paper presented at Stainless Steel World America 2010, Houston, TX, 5–7 October 2010).
K. Smith, A. Kutyan, S. Abolian, T. Krenek, S. Salas, and V.A. Ravi, Corrosion 2013, Paper No. 2865 (Houston, TX: NACE International, 2013).
A. Cuevas, K.J. Schumann, C.J. Simpson, and V.A. Ravi, Corrosion 2012, paper no. 1710 (Houston, TX: NACE International, 2012).
A. Kvryan, C.J. Lopez, S.A. Phipps, B.T. Stoops, Z. Megerdichian, F.H. Ismail, and V.A. Ravi, Corrosion 2014, Paper No. 4327 (Houston, TX: NACE International, 2014).
Z.D. Xiang and P.K. Datta, J. Mater. Sci. 40, 1959 (2005).
R. Sakidja, J.H. Perepezko, and P. Calhoun, Oxid. Metal. 81, 167 (2014).
N.V. Bangaru and R.C. Krutenat, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 2, 806 (1984).
P.S. Korinko and S.H. Malene, J. Fail. Anal. Prev. 1, 61 (2001).
O. Hammar and U. Svensson, Solidification and Casting of Metals: Proceedings of an International Conference on Solidification (London, UK: The Metals Society, 1979), pp. 401–410.
H.E. McGannon, The Making, Shaping and Treating of Steel, 9th ed. (Pittsburgh, PA: United States Steel Corporation, 1970), p. 1277.
H.E. McGannon, The Making, Shaping and Treating of Steel, 9th ed. (Pittsburgh, PA: United States Steel Corporation, 1970), p. 1164.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge Fatin Hanani Ismail, Zorineh Megerdichian, Sarah Phipps, Brian Stoops, and Mr. Ulus Ekerman (all from Cal Poly Pomona) for experimental support. FE-SEM and EDS analyses were done at the Caltech GPS analytical facility, which is supported in part by the MRSEC Program of the NSF under DMR–0080065. JAH Machining, Dr. John A. Klasik, and Travis Voorhees (Cal Poly Pomona) and Jonathan Harris (Pomona College) are thanked for their technical support. Dr. Perry Cheung is thanked for his active and tireless support in the preparation of this manuscript. Drs. Juan Nava and Jonathan Puthoff are thanked for their careful review of the manuscript. Financial support from Ms. Sylvia Hall, the LA Section of NACE International, Western States Corrosion Seminar, Western Area of NACE International, and the NACE International Foundation is gratefully acknowledged.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lopez, C., Kvryan, A., Kasnakjian, S. et al. Effect of Austenite Stability on Pack Aluminizing of Austenitic Stainless Steels. JOM 67, 61–67 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-014-1238-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-014-1238-y