Abstract
Lithium-ion battery technology is projected to be the leapfrog technology for the electrification of the drivetrain and to provide stationary storage solutions to enable the effective use of renewable energy sources. The technology is already in use for low-power applications such as consumer electronics and power tools. Extensive research and development has enhanced the technology to a stage where it seems very likely that safe and reliable lithium-ion batteries will soon be on board hybrid electric and electric vehicles and connected to solar cells and windmills. However, the safety of the technology is still a concern, service life is not yet sufficient, and costs are too high. This paper summarizes the state of the art of lithium-ion battery technology for nonexperts. It lists materials and processing for batteries and summarizes the costs associated with them. This paper should foster an overall understanding of materials and processing and the need to overcome the remaining barriers for a successful market introduction.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
World Batteries, Industry Study with Forecasts to 2010 & 2015 (Study #2095) (Cleveland, OH: Freedonia Group, 2006).
German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, “Innovation Alliance, Lithium Ion Battery 2015” (2008), http://www.bmbf.de/de/11828.php .
Oak Ridge National Laboratory calculations based on information from Energy Information Administration, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, KEMA, and University of Delaware (2008).
D. Howell, Energy Storage Research and Development, Annual Progress Report 2006 (Washington, D.C.: Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies, U.S. Department of Energy, 2007).
FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership and United States Advanced Battery Consortium, Electrochemical Energy Storage Technical Team Technology Development Roadmap (Southfield, MI: USCAR, 2006).
D. Howell, Energy Storage Research and Development, Annual Progress Report 2007 (Washington, D.C.: Office of Vehicle Technologies, U.S. Department of Energy, 2008).
J. Goodenough, H.D. Abruna, and M.V. Buchanan, editors, Basic Research Needs for Electrical Energy Storage (Washington, D.C.: Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy, 2007).
H.A. Kiehne, editor, Battery Technology Handbook, 2nd edition (New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 2003).
J. Besenhard, editor, Handbook of Battery Materials (Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH, 1999).
N. J. Dudney and B. J. Neudecker, “Solid State Thin-Film Lithium Battery Systems,” Curr. Opin. Solid State Mat. Sci., 4(5) (1999), pp. 479–482.
A.K. Shukla and T.P. Kumar, “Materials for Next-Generation Lithium Batteries,” Curr. Sci., 94(3) (2008), pp. 314–331.
M.S. Whittingham, “Materials Challenges Facing Electrical Energy Storage,” MRS Bulletin, 33(4) (2008), pp. 411–419.
J. Newman and C. Monroe, “The Impact of Elastic Deformation on Deposition Kinetics at Lithium/Polymer Interfaces,” J. Electrochem. Soc. 152(2) (2005), pp. A396–A404.
P. Arora and Z. Zhang, “Battery Separators,” Chem. Rev., 104 (2004), pp. 4419–4462.
L. Gaines and R. Cuenza, Costs of Lithium-Ion-Batteries for Vehicles (Report ANL/ESD-42) (Argonne, IL: Argonne National Laboratory, 2000).
J. Carcone, “Update on Li-ion Batteries” (Paper presented at the 15th International Seminar and Exhibit on Primary and Secondary Batteries, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, 2–5 March 1998).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Daniel, C. Materials and processing for lithium-ion batteries. JOM 60, 43–48 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-008-0116-x
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-008-0116-x