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Le modèle triadique des aspects neurobiologiques des comportements motivés à l’adolescence

Triadic model of the neurobiology of motivated behavior in adolescence

  • Psychopathologie de l’Enfance et de l’Adolescence / Child and Teenager Psychopathology
  • Published:
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Résumé

Prérequis

Le comportement de prise de risque est une cause majeure de morbidité et de mortalité à l’adolescence. Dans le contexte d’une théorie de la décision et des comportements motivés (c’est-à-dire dirigé vers un but), la prise de risque reflète un motif de prise de décision qui favorise la sélection du déroulement de l’action avec des conséquences incertaines et potentiellement dangereuses. Nous présentons un modèle triadique basé sur les études de prise de décision chez l’adolescent réalisées en neuroscience.

Méthode

Nous passons en revue le rôle fonctionnel et les résultats neurodéveloppementaux de trois structures clés dans le contrôle du comportement motivé, c’est-à-dire l’amygdale, le noyau accumbens et le cortex préfrontal médian/ventral. Nous adoptons une approche neuroscientifique cognitive du comportement motivé qui utilise une fragmentation dans le temps de l’action motivée en général. Nous proposons des prévisions sur les contributions relatives des noeuds triadiques pendant les trois étapes de l’action motivée pendant l’adolescence.

Résultats

La propension à l’adolescence à rechercher la récompense-nouveauté, malgré l’incertitude et un danger potentiel, peut être expliquée par un système de récompense fort (noyau accumbens), un système d’évitement de la douleur faible (amygdale) et/ou un système de supervision inefficace (cortex préfrontal médian/ventral). Des perturbations dans ces systèmes peuvent contribuer à l’expression d’une psychopathologie, ce que nous illustrons avec la dépression et l’anxiété.

Conclusion

Un modèle triadique, intégré dans une carte organisée dans le temps de comportements motivés, peut fournir un cadre utile qui suggère des hypothèses spécifiques pour les bases neurales des comportements adolescents typiques et atypiques.

Abstract

Background

Risk-taking behavior is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in adolescence. In the context of decision theory and motivated (goal-directed) behavior, risk-taking reflects a pattern of decision-making that favors the selection of courses of action with uncertain and possibly harmful consequences. We present a triadic, neuroscience systems based model of adolescent decision-making.

Method

We review the functional role and neurodevelopmental findings of three key structures in the control of motivated behavior, i.e., amygdala, nucleus accumbens and medial/ventral prefrontal cortex. We adopt a cognitive neuroscience approach to motivated behavior that uses a temporal fragmentation of a generic motivated action. Predictions about the relative contributions of the triadic nodes to the three stages of a motivated action during adolescence are proposed.

Results

The propensity during adolescence for reward-novelty seeking in the face of uncertainty or potential harm might be explained by a strong reward system (nucleus accumbens), a weak harm avoidant system (amygdala) and/or an inefficient supervisory system (medial/ventral prefrontal cortex). Perturbations in these systems may contribute to the expression of psychopathology, illustrated here with depression and anxiety.

Conclusions

A triadic model, integrated in a temporally organized map of motivated behavior, can provide a helpful framework that suggests specific hypotheses of neural bases of typical and atypical adolescent behavior.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Section of Developmental and Affective Neuroscience, Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 15K North Drive, Bethesda, 20892, MD, États-Unis

    M. Ernst, D. -S. Pine & M. Hardin

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  1. M. Ernst
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  2. D. -S. Pine
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  3. M. Hardin
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Correspondence to M. Ernst.

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Traduit de l’américain par L. Nicoulaud, service de psychiatrie de l’enfant et de l’adolescent, Pr D. Cohen, La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.

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Ernst, M., Pine, D.S. & Hardin, M. Le modèle triadique des aspects neurobiologiques des comportements motivés à l’adolescence. Psychiatr Sci Hum Neurosci 7, 127–139 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11836-009-0094-2

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