Abstract
Question of the study
The multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) uses electroencephalograph (EEG) recordings obtained throughout the whole interval of each of several sleep attempts but it scores time to the discrete onset of sleep rather than quantify the degree of transition from the wake to sleep state. The present study employed principal component analysis of EEG spectra to examine the feasibility of quantification and prediction of a gradual transition from wakefulness to sleep in MSLT.
Subjects and methods
The present analysis was based on polysomnograph recordings obtained during 24 hour MSLTs in 9 sleep-deprived, 9 sleep-restricted and 14 sleep-unrestricted subjects.
Results
It was demonstrated that wake and sleep EEG spectra can be reduced to an invariant structure consisting of three largest principal components and these components are strongly associated with sleep latency during 24 hour MSLTs.
Conclusions
The features of the principal component structure of EEG spectra documented in the present study suggest the possibility to enrich the traditional scoring of the discrete event of sleep onset by a theoretically meaningful, parsimonious, and quantitative description of a gradual transition from one state or substate of a sleep-wake continuum to another.
Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung
Der Multiple-Schlaf-Latenz-Test (MSLT) verwendet elektroenzephalographische (EEG-)Aufzeichnungen, die so ausgewertet werden, dass für jedes Intervall von mehreren Schlafversuchen die Zeit bis zum Schlafanfang berechnet wird, anstatt den Grad des Übergangs vom Wach- zum Schlafzustand zu quantifizieren. Die vorgestellte Studie beinhaltet eine Hauptkomponentenanalyse des EEG-Spektrums mit dem Ziel, die Möglichkeit einer Quantifizierung und Prognose des allmählichen Übergangs vom Wachen zum Schlaf im MSLT zu untersuchen.
Material und Methoden
Die vorgestellte Analyse basiert auf polysomnographischen Aufzeichnungen, die während eines 24-stündigen MSLT bei 9 Probanden mit Schlafentzug, 9 Probanden mit Schlafbeschränkung und 14 Probanden ohne Beschränkung erhalten worden sind.
Ergebnisse
Folgendes wurde festgestellt: 1) Wach- und Schlafspektren des EEG können zu einer invarianten Struktur, die aus den 3 größten Hauptkomponenten besteht, reduziert werden. 2) Diese Komponenten sind stark mit der Schlaflatenz während des 24-stündigen MSLT verbunden.
Schlussfolgerung
Die Merkmale der Hauptkomponentenstruktur des EEG-Spektrums, die hier dokumentiert wurden, legen die Möglichkeit nahe, die traditionelle Berechnung des genauen Einschlafzeitpunkts durch eine theoretisch sinnvolle, sparsame und quantitative Beschreibung des allmählichen Übergangs von einem Zustand oder Stadium zu einem anderen des Schlaf-Wach-Kontinuums zu ergänzen.
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Acknowledgments
This study was supported by the grant numbers 07-06-00263а and 10-06-00114-а from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and by grant number 06-06-00375a from the Russian Foundation for Humanities. Dr. Vladislav Palchikov, Dr. Konstantin Danilenko, Dr. Evgeniy Verevkin, Olga Donskaya, Dmitriy Putilov and Dmitriy Zolotarev (Heffele) are thanked for their assistance in polysomnograph recordings and analyses. The author also wishes to thank the reviewers for valuable suggestions which resulted in improvement to the original manuscript.
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The corresponding author states that there are no conflicts of interest.
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Putilov, A. Principal component structure of wake-sleep transition. Somnologie 14, 234–243 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11818-010-0487-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11818-010-0487-4
Keywords
- Electroencephalography spectrum
- Sleep scoring
- Principal component analysis
- Sleep-wake regulation
- Sleep deprivation