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Simultaneous NO/SO2 removal by coconut shell char/CaO from calcium looping in a fluidized bed reactor

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Abstract

A simultaneous NOx/SO2 removal system using bio-char and CaO combined with calcium looping process for CO2 capture was proposed. The simultaneous NO/SO2 removal performance of coconut shell char/CaO experienced CO2 capture cycles was investigated in a fluidized bed reactor. The effects of reaction temperature, mass ratio of CaO to coconut shell coke, CaO particle size and number of CO2 capture cycles from calcium looping process were discussed. The NO removal efficiency of char is improved under the catalysis of CaO. The reaction temperature plays an important role in the simultaneous NO/SO2 removal. Coconut shell char/CaO achieve the highest NO and SO2 removal efficiencies at 825 oC, which are 98% and 100%, respectively. The mass ratio of CaO to coconut shell char of 60: 100 is a good choice for the simultaneous NO/SO2 removal. Smaller CaO particle size contributes to higher NO and SO2 removal efficiencies of coconut shell char/CaO. The NO and SO2 removal efficiencies of coconut shell char and cycled CaO from calcium looping declined slightly with the number of CO2 capture cycles. In addition, the Ca-based materials balance in process of simultaneous NOx/SO2 removal combined with calcium looping is given. The novel simultaneous NO/SO2 removal method using bio-char and cycled CaO from calcium looping process appears promising.

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Abbreviations

η NO :

NO removal efficiency [%]

η SO2 :

SO2 removal efficiency [%]

η CO2 :

CO2 capture efficiency of CaO [%]

CNO(0):

initial NO concentration [ppm]

CNO(t):

NO concentration in the exhaust gas from BFBR at t [ppm]

CSO2(0):

initial SO2 concentration [ppm]

CSO2(t):

SO2 concentrationin the exhaust gas from BFBR at t [ppm]

CCO2(0):

initial CO2 concentration [%]

CCO2(t):

CO2 concentration in the exhaust gas from BFBR at t [%]

Peq :

CO2 equilibrium partial pressure [bar]

T:CO2 :

equilibrium temperature [K]

F0 :

flow rate of fresh CaCO3 [kmol/s]

FR :

flow rate of recycled sorbent excluding fresh makeup [kmol/s]

Xave :

average carbonation conversion of CaO

F0/FR :

ratio of fresh sorbent flow rate to recycled sorbent flow rate

(F{itCO}+FCO2)/FR :

ratio of total CO2 flow rate introduced into the carbonator to recycled sorbent flow rate

FS,B :

flow rate of sorbent introduced into the boiler [kmol/s]

FS,R :

flow rate of sorbent introduced into the NOx/SO2 removal reactor [kmol/s]

F’S,B :

total flow rate of CaO and CaSO4 discharged from the boiler [kmol/s]

F’S,R :

total flow rate of CaO and CaSO4 discharged from the NOx/SO2 removal reactor [kmol/s]

FCO2 :

flow rate of CO2 produced by coal combustion entering the carbonator [kmol/s]

FSO2 :

flow rate of SO2 produced by coal combustion [kmol/s]

α :

molar ratio of Ca/S in the boiler

β :

molar ratio of Ca/S in the NOx/SO2 removal reactor

ECO2 :

CO2 capture efficiency in the carbonator [%]

ESO2 :

SO2 removal efficiency in the boiler [%]

FNO :

flow rate of NO produced by coal combustion [kmol/s]

FCO :

flow rate of CO produced by char [kmol/s]

Fd :

flow rate of sorbent discharged from the carbonator directly [kmol/s]

FO2 :

flow rate of O2 introduced into the calciner for fuel combustion [kmol/s]

Fair, coal :

flow rate of air for coal combustion in the boiler [kmol/s]

Fair :

flow rate of air for CO combustion in the carbonator [kmol/s]

Fgas1 :

flow rate of gas from boiler to NOx/SO2 removal reactor [kmol/s]

Fgas2 :

flow rate of gas from NOx/SO2 removal reactor to carbonator [kmol/s]

Fgas3 :

flow rate of gas emitted from the carbonator [kmol/s]

Fgas4 :

flow rate of gas emitted from the calciner [kmol/s]

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Acknowledgement

This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51876105), the Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University (2018JC039) and Joint Foundation of National Natural Science Foundation of China and Shanxi Province for coal-based low carbon (U1510130).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China

    Boyu Li, Yingjie Li, Wan Zhang & Yuqi Qian

  2. State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China

    Zeyan Wang

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  1. Boyu Li
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Correspondence to Yingjie Li.

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Li, B., Li, Y., Zhang, W. et al. Simultaneous NO/SO2 removal by coconut shell char/CaO from calcium looping in a fluidized bed reactor. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 37, 688–697 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-020-0483-8

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