Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Separation of arenols from a low-temperature coal tar by liquid-liquid extraction

  • Separation Technology, Thermodynamics
  • Published:
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Low-temperature coal tar (LTCT) is a sticky liquid mixture produced mainly from coal pyrolysis, which contains various value-added chemicals (VACs). Liquid-liquid extraction is considered as one of the green and effective ways to explore the organic composition and separate the VACs from LTCT. Herein, petroleum ether, methanol, and carbon disulfide were used to extract arenols from a LTCT. As a result, the relative content and absolute content of arenols extracted from the LTCT are ca. 96.3% and 85.9%, respectively. Among them, p-cresol is predominant, accounting for 22.2%. The isolated contents of arenols are up to 84.6%. Moreover, a kilogram-scale operation was carried out under the same conditions, which offers a potential application in industrial production.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

AC:

absolute content

ACCAs :

the absolute content of arenols in the crude arenols

ACLT MT :

the absolute content of arenols in the low-temperature coal tar

ARs:

aromatic rings

BE:

back extraction

CAs:

crude arenols

CDS:

carbon disulfide

FTIR:

Fourier transform infrared spectrometer

GC/MS:

gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer

HCs:

hydrocarbons

IP:

incorporated portion

LLE:

liquid-liquid extraction

LP:

lower phase

LTCT:

low-temperature coal tar

m CAs :

the mass of crude arenols

M/CDSMS:

methanol/carbon disulfide mixed solvent

m LTCT :

the mass of low-temperature coal tar

PE:

petroleum ether

PE/MMS:

petroleum ether/methanol mixed solvent

RC:

relative content

SGC:

specific group components

SF:

separating funnel

TR:

total recovery

TRC:

total relative content

UP:

upper phase

VACs:

value-added chemicals

References

  1. H. H. Schobert and C. Song, Fuel, 81, 15 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. L. Z. Zhang, D.M. Xu, J. Gao, S.X. Zhou, L.W. Zhao and Z.S. Zhang, Fuel, 194, 27 (2017).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. D. Li, Z. Li, W. H. Li, Q. C. Liu, Z. L. Feng and Z. Fan, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol., 100, 245 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. S. C. Qi, L. Zhang, X. Y. Wei, J. I. Hayashi, Z. M. Zong and L. L. Guo, RSC Adv., 4, 17105 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. W. Tang, M. X. Fang, H. Y. Wang, P. L. Yu, Q. H. Wang and Z. Y. Luo, Chem. Eng. J., 236, 529 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. M. L. Niu, X. H. Sun, R. Gao, D. Li, W. G. Cui and W. H. Li, Energy Fuels, 30, 10215 (2016).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. M. X. Fang, S. Ma, T. Wang, Z. X. Xia, W. Tang, L. Y. Xia and Z. Y. Luo, RSC Adv., 7, 54512 (2017).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. W. G. Cui, W. H. Li, R. Gao, H. X. Ma, D. Li, M. L. Niu and X. Lei, Energy Fuels, 31, 3768 (2017).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. D. Li, W. G. Cui, X. P. Zhang, Q. H. Meng, Q. C. Zhou, B. Q. Ma, M. L. Niu and W. H. Li, Energy Fuels, 31, 11495 (2017).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. R. Wang, D. H. Ci, X. Cui, Y. Bai, C. Y. Liu, D. T. Kong, S. Zhao, Y. H. Long and X. E. Guo, Fuel Process. Technol, 155, 153 (2017).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. J. P. Meng, Z. Y. Wang, Y. H. Ma and J. Y. Lu, Fuel Process. Technol, 165, 62 (2017).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Y. Gang, X. Zhang, X. Lei, H.Y. Guo, W. H. Li and D. Li, RSC Adv., 8, 23663 (2018).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Y. Gang, L. Y. Pan, M. L. Niu, X. Zhang, D. Li and W. H. Li, Anal. Appl. Pyrol, 134, 202 (2018).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. K. Pang, Y.C. Hou, W. Z. Wu, W. J. Guo, W. Peng and K. N. Marsh, Green Chem.14, 2398 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. W. J. Guo, Y. C. Hou, W. Z. Wu, S. H. Ren, S. D. Tian and K. N. Marsh, Green Chem.15, 226 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. H. Meng, C. T. Ge, N. N. Ren, W. Y. Ma, Y. Z. Lu and C. X. Li, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.53, 355 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. T. T. Jiao, M. M. Gong, X. L. Zhuang, C. S. Li and S. J. Zhang, J. Ind. Eng. Chem.29, 344 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. T. T. Jiao, X. L. Zhuang, H. Y. He, C. S. Li, H. N. Chen and S. J. Zhang, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.54, 2573 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. S. H. Ren, Y. Xiao, Y. M. Wang, J. Kong, Y. C. Hou and W. Z. Wu, Fuel Process. Technol.137, 104 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. T. T. Jiao, C. S. Li, X. L. Zhuang, S. S. Cao, H. N. Chen and S. J. Zhang, Chem. Eng. J.266, 148 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Y. G. Wang, G. C. Jiang, S. J. Zhang, H. Y. Zhang, X. C. Lin, X. Huang and M. H. Fan, Fuel Process. Technol.149, 313 (2016).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Y. A. Ji, Y. C. Hou, S. H. Ren, C. F. Yao and W. Z. Wu, Energy Fuels, 31, 10274 (2017).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. W. Y. Tang, L. L. Liu, G. Z. Li, T. Zhu and K. H. Row, Korean J. Chem. Eng.34, 814 (2017).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Y. C. Hou, J. Kong, Y. H. Ren, S. H. Ren and W. Z. Wu, Sep. Purif. Technol.174, 554 (2017).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. N. Sidek, N. S. A. Manan and S. Mohamad, J. Mol. Liq.240, 794 (2017).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. C.F. Yao, Y. C. Hou, S. H. Ren, W. Z. Wu, K. Zhang, Y. A. Ji and H. Liu, Chem. Eng. J.326, 620 (2017).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. C.F. Yao, Y. C. Hou, S. H. Ren, Y. A. Jiand W. Z. Wu, Fluid Phase Equilibr.448, 116 (2017).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. H.J. Gai, L. Qiao, C. Y. Zhong, X. W. Zhang, M. Xiao and H. B. Song, AC S Sustainable Chem. Eng.6, 10841 (2018).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. H.J. Gai, L. Qiao, C. Y. Zhong, X. W. Zhang, M. Xiao and H. B. Song, J. Clean. Prod.223, 1 (2019).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Q.X. Yao, Y. B. Li, X. Tang, J. W. Gao, R. C. Wang, Y. J. Zhang, M. Sun and X. X. Ma, Fuel, 245, 122 (2019).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. M. Sun, J. Chen, X. M. Dai, X. L. Zhao, K. Liu and X. X. Ma, Fuel Process. Technol.136, 41 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. B. N. Bhadra, I. Ahmed and S. H. Jhung, Fuel, 174, 43 (2016).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. N. N. Bahrudin and M. A. Nawi, Korean J. Chem. Eng.35, 1532 (2018).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. S. Saleh, A. Younis, R. Ali and E. Elkady, Korean J. Chem. Eng.36, 529 (2019).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Y. C. Rong and R. P. Han, Korean J. Chem. Eng.36, 942 (2019).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. X. Chen, C. M. Xu, W. L. Zhang, C. Ma, X. X. Liu, S. Q. Zhao and Q. Shi, Energy Fuels, 32, 4662 (2018).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. C. S. Song, L. Hou, A. K. Saini, P. G. Hatcher and H. H. Schobert, Fu el Process. Technol.34, 249 (1993).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. C. A. Islas, I. Suelves, J. F. Carter, W. Li, T. J. Morgan, A. A. Herod and R. Kandiyoti, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom.16, 774 (2002).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. M. D. Casal, M. A. Díez, R. Alvarez and C. Barriocanal, Int. J. Coal Geol.76, 237 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Q. Shi, Y. Yan, X. J. Wu, S. Y. Li, K. H. Chung, S. Q. Zhao and C. M. Xu, Energy Fuels, 24, 5533 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. M. Sun, X. X. Ma, Q. X. Yao, R. C. Wang, Y. X. Ma, G. Feng, J. X. Shang, L. Xu and Y. H. Yang, Energy Fuels, 25, 1140 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Q. Shi, N. Pan, H. Y. Long, D. C. Cui, X. F. Guo, Y. H. Long, K. H. Chung, S. Q. Zhao, C. M. Xu and C. S. Hsu, Energy Fuels, 27, 108 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. F. J. Liu, X. Y. Wei, M. H. Fan and Z. M. Zong, Appl. Energy, 170, 415 (2016).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. M. A. Elliot, Chemistry of coal utilization, Chemical Industry, Beijing (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  45. X. K. Xue and Q. W. Chen, Coal tar processing technology, Chemical Industry, Beijing (2007).

    Google Scholar 

  46. O. V. Shishkin, I. S. Konovalova, L. Gorb and J. Leszczynski, Struct. Chem.20, 37 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. X. Y. Wei, X. H. Wang and Z. M. Zong, Energy Fuels, 23, 4848 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Natural Scientific Foundation of China (Grant 21576280), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant 2018YFB0604602), and a Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China

    Hua-Shuai Gao, Zhi-Min Zong, Zheng Yang, Dao-Guang Teng, Xiu-Hua Sun, Li Yan, Xian-Yong Wei & Hong-Cun Bai

  2. State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China

    Xian-Yong Wei, Qing-Jie Guo & Tian-Sheng Zhao

Authors
  1. Hua-Shuai Gao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Zhi-Min Zong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Zheng Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Dao-Guang Teng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Xiu-Hua Sun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Li Yan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Xian-Yong Wei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Qing-Jie Guo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Tian-Sheng Zhao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Hong-Cun Bai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zhi-Min Zong.

Supporting Information

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Gao, HS., Zong, ZM., Yang, Z. et al. Separation of arenols from a low-temperature coal tar by liquid-liquid extraction. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 37, 835–838 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-020-0480-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-020-0480-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation