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Transesterification of soybean oil to biodiesel by tin-based Brønsted-Lewis acidic ionic liquid catalysts

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Abstract

A series of Brønsted-Lewis acidic ionic liquid (BLAIL) catalysts consisting of sulfonated ionic liquid [SO3H-pmim]Cl and Sn(II) chloride have been synthesized and exploited for catalytic transesterification of soybean oil with methanol to biodiesel. The structural and chemical properties of these [SO3H-pmim]Cl-xSnCl2 (x=0-0.8) catalysts were characterized by different analytical and spectroscopic techniques, such as FT-IR, TGA, and NMR. In particular, their acid properties were studied by solid-state 31P NMR using trimethylphosphine oxide as the probe molecule. The BLAIL catalysts were found highly efficient for transesterification reaction due to the introduction of Lewis acidity by SnCl2 in the initially Brønsted acidic [SO3H-pmim]Cl catalyst. The effects of three independent process variables on biodiesel yield were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Consequently, an excellent biodiesel yield of 98.6% was achieved under optimized reaction conditions over the BLAIL catalyst with SnCl2 loading (x) of 0.7.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Chemistry, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310035, China

    Xiaoxiang Han, Wei Yan & Yanfei He

  2. Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academic Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan

    Chin-Te Hung, Pei-Hao Wu, Li-Li Liu & Shang-Bin Liu

  3. Instrumentation Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan

    Shing-Jong Huang

Authors
  1. Xiaoxiang Han
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  2. Wei Yan
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  3. Chin-Te Hung
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  4. Yanfei He
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  5. Pei-Hao Wu
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  6. Li-Li Liu
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  7. Shing-Jong Huang
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  8. Shang-Bin Liu
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Correspondence to Xiaoxiang Han or Shang-Bin Liu.

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Han, X., Yan, W., Hung, CT. et al. Transesterification of soybean oil to biodiesel by tin-based Brønsted-Lewis acidic ionic liquid catalysts. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 33, 2063–2072 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-016-0060-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-016-0060-3

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