Abstract
This study evaluated the beneficial effects on the coagulation process of combining coagulants with Fe and Al in the removal of turbidity and DOC (dissolved organic carbon), and proposed conditions for proper operation of a coagulation process. In addition, the floc characteristics and sludge dewater ability were evaluated. Blended coagulants were more effective than single coagulants at lower concentrations in water purification. The optimal blended ratio for the removal of DOC was 1.45 mM as Al/mM as Fe. Also, blended coagulants were less affected than single coagulants by pH, temperature, and rapid mixing intensity. Based on the results of the change in the apparent molecular weight distribution (AMWD) of DOC in raw and treated water by coagulation, low molecular weight organic matters were removed by 40.7% for the blended coagulant (1.45 mM as Al/mM as Fe). Blended coagulants formed larger flocs than single coagulants did. At pH 6.0, floc strength and sludge dewaterablity were both improved.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
K. J. Choi, S.G. Kim, C.W. Kim and J. K. Park, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 23, 399 (2006).
J. J. Rook, Wat. Treatment & Exam., 23, 234 (1974).
J. C. Joret, Y. Levi and C. Volk, Water Science and Technology, 24, 95 (1991).
T. H. Yoon, Thesis of Master, Konkuk University (1999).
Y. S. Ko, Y. J. Lee and S. H. Nam, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 24, 253 (2007).
C. H. Moon, Y. J. Lee, Y. S. Ko and S. H. Nam, J. of KSSE, 25, 227 (2003).
N. Merlet, M. Prevost, Y. Merlet and J. Coallier, Sciences de I’Eau, 5, 143 (1991).
J. J. Rook, J. AWWA, 68, 168 (1976).
P. C. Singer and S. D. Chang, J. AWWA, 81, 61 (1989).
J. K. Edzwald, W. C. Becker and K. L. Wattier, J. AWWA, 77, 122 (1985).
D. A. Reckhow, P. C. Singer and R. L. Malcolm, Environ. Sci. Technol., 24, 1655 (1990).
T. R. Camp and D. A. Root, J. AWWA, 32, 1913 (1940).
S. Kawamura, J. AWWA, 70, 328 (1976).
J. K. Morris and W. R. Knocke, J. AWWA, 76, 74 (1984).
V. A. Mhaisalkar, R. Paramasivam and A. G. Bhole, Water Research, 25, 43 (1991).
S. A. Muyibi and L. M. Evison, Water Research, 29, 2689 (1995).
M. Rossini, J. G. Garrido and M. Galluzzo, Water Research, 33, 1817 (1999).
M. J. Semmens and T. K. Field, J. AWWA, 72, 476 (1980).
G. Crozes, P. White and M. Marshall, J. AWWA, 87, 78 (1995).
J. E. Gregor, C. J. Nokes and E. Fenton, Water Research, 31, 2949 (1997).
B. T. Myung, D. S. Woo, J. H. Choi, Y. J. Lee and S. H. Nam, Kor. J. Env. Hlth. Soc., 27, 60 (2001).
H. B. Dharmappa, J. Verink, O. Fujiwara and S. Vigneswaran, Water Research, 27(3), 513 (1993).
D. H. Li and J. J. Ganczarczyk, CRC Crit. Rev. Environ. Control., 17, 53(1986).
M. J. Furrey, M. Kneser and E. Henderson, Proc. AWWA. 25th. WQTC, Denver (1997).
C. A. Biggs and P. A. Lants, Water Research, 34, 2542 (2000).
C. Selomulya, R. Amal, G. Bushell and T. D. Waite, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 236, 67 (2001).
P. N. Johnson and A. Amirtharajah, J. AWWA, 75, 232 (1983).
J. K. Edzwald, Water Science and Technology, 27, 11 (1993).
P. A. Vesilind, Jour. WPCF, 60, 215 (1988).
APHA, AWWA and WEF, Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (19th edition), Washinton, D.C. (1995).
G. L. Amy, R. A. Sierka, J. Bedessem, D. Price and L. Tan, J. AWWA, 84, 67 (1992).
J. E.V. Benschoten and J. K. Edzwald, Water Research, 24, 1519 (1990).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lee, SJ., Lee, YJ. & Nam, Sh. Improvement in the coagulation performance by combining Al and Fe coagulants in water purification. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 25, 505–512 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-008-0085-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-008-0085-3