Abstract
In this study, the heritability, repeatability, phenotypic correlation, and genetic correlation of the reproductive and growth traits of L. vannamei were investigated and estimated. Eight traits of 385 shrimps from forty-two families, including the number of eggs (EN), number of nauplii (NN), egg diameter (ED), spawning frequency (SF), spawning success (SS), female body weight (BW) and body length (BL) at insemination, and condition factor (K), were measured,. A total of 519 spawning records including multiple spawning and 91 no spawning records were collected. The genetic parameters were estimated using an animal model, a multinomial logit model (for SF), and a sire-dam and probit model (for SS). Because there were repeated records, permanent environmental effects were included in the models. The heritability estimates for BW, BL, EN, NN, ED, SF, SS, and K were 0.49 ± 0.14, 0.51 ± 0.14, 0.12 ± 0.08, 0, 0.01 ± 0.04, 0.06 ± 0.06, 0.18 ± 0.07, and 0.10 ± 0.06, respectively. The genetic correlation was 0.99 ± 0.01 between BW and BL, 0.90 ± 0.19 between BW and EN, 0.22 ± 0.97 between BW and ED, −0.77 ± 1.14 between EN and ED, and −0.27 ± 0.36 between BW and K. The heritability of EN estimated without a covariate was 0.12 ± 0.08, and the genetic correlation was 0.90 ± 0.19 between BW and EN, indicating that improving BW may be used in selection programs to genetically improve the reproductive output of L. vannamei during the breeding. For EN, the data were also analyzed using body weight as a covariate (EN-2). The heritability of EN-2 was 0.03 ± 0.05, indicating that it is difficult to improve the reproductive output by genetic improvement. Furthermore, excessive pursuit of this selection is often at the expense of growth speed. Therefore, the selection of high-performance spawners using BW and SS may be an important strategy to improve nauplii production.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alejandra, C., Eugenia, G. C., Hugo, H. M., Gabriel, R. C., Alfonso, M., and Hector, C., 2015. Genetic parameters for spawning and growth traits in the Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei). Aquaculture Research, 46: 833–839.
Arcos, F. G., Ibarra, A. M., Vazquez-Boucard, C., Palacios, E., and Racotta, I. S., 2003. Feasible predictive criteria for reproductive performance of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei: Egg quality and female physiological condition. Aquaculture, 228: 335–349.
Arcos, F. M., Racotta, I. S., and Ibarra, A. M., 2004. Genetic parameter estimates for reproductive traits and egg composition in Pacific white shrimp Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei. Aquaculture, 236: 151–165.
Benzie, J. A. H., 2009. Use and exchange of genetic resources of penaeid shrimps for food and aquaculture. Reviews in Aquaculture, 1: 232–250.
Briggs, M., Funge, S. S., Subasinghe, R. P., and Phillips, M., 2005. Introductions and movement of two penaeid shrimp species in Asia and the Pacific. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper, 476: 1–57, 59-63, 65-71, 73-374, 378, IV, V-XVIII.
Deekae, S. N., and Abowei, J. F. N., 2010. The fecundity of Macrobrachium macrobrachion (Herklots, 1851) from Luubara Creek Ogoni Land, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 2: 148–154.
Falconer, D. S., 1989. Introduction to Quantitative Genetics. 3rd edition. Longman, New York, 1–480.
Falconer, D. S., and Mackay, T. F. C., 1996. Introduction to Quantitative Genetics. 4th edition. Longman, Harlow, GB,1–480.
Fulton, T. W., 1911. The Sovereignty of the Sea. William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh, 1–799.
Gall, G. A. E., 1975. Genetics of reproduction in domesticated rainbow trout. Journal of Animal Science, 40: 19–28.
Gall, G. A. E., and Gross, S. J., 1978. Genetic studies of growth in domesticated rainbow trout. Aquaculture, 13: 225–234.
Gall, G. A. E., and Neira, R., 2004. Genetic analysis of female reproduction traits of farmed Coho salmon (Oncorhyncus kisutch). Aquaculture, 234: 143–154.
Gilmour, A. R., Gogel, B. J., Cullis, B. R., and Thompson, R., 2009. ASReml User Guide Release 3.0. VNS International Ltd., Hemel Hempstead, United Kingdom, 1–398.
Gjedrem, T., and Fimlano, I. E., 1995. Potential benefits from high health and genetically improved shrimp stocks. In: Swimming Through Troubled Water. Proceedings of the Special Session on Shrimp Farming. Browdy, C. L., and Hopkins, J. S., eds., World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, LA,USA, 60–65.
Huang, N., and Gall, G. A. E., 1990. Correlation of body weight and reproductive characteristics in rainbow trout. Aquaculture, 86: 191–200.
Huang, Y. C., Yin, Z. X., Ai, H. S., Huang, X. D., Li, S. D., Weng, S. P., and He, J. G., 2011. Characterization of WSSV resistance in selected families of Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture, 311: 54–60.
Ibarra, A. M., 1999. Steps towards the implementation of a genetic improvement program for Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei, Boone 1931) in Mexico. In: Memorias del Congreso de Acuicultura 99. Puerto la Cruz, Venezuela, 279–286.
Ibarra, A. M., Arcos, F. G., Famula, T. R., Palacios, E., and Racotta, I. S., 2005. Heritability of the categorical trait ‘number of spawns’ in Pacific white female shrimp Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei. Aquaculture, 250: 95–101.
Ibarra, A. M., Racotta, I. S., Arcos, F. G., and Palacios, E., 2007. Progress on the genetics of reproductive performance in penaeid shrimp. Aquaculture, 268: 23–43.
Kachman, S. D., 2008. An introduction to generalized linear mixed models. Statistics, 24: 59–73.
Kelleher, M. M., Buckley, F., Evans, R., and Berry, D. P., 2014. Additive genetic, non-additive genetic and permanent environmental effects for female reproductive performance in seasonal calving dairy cows. 10th World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production. Vancouver, Canada, 1–3.
Macbeth, M., Matthew, K., Matthew, S., Benzie, J., Knibbd, W., and Wilson, K., 2007. Heritability of reproductive traits and genetic correlations with growth in the black tiger prawn Penaeus monodon reared in tanks. Aquaculture, 270: 51–56.
McCullagh, P., and Nelder, J. A., 1989. Generalized Linear Models. 2nd edition. Chapman and Hall, London, 1–511.
Mohammad, S., Arshad, A., Bujang, J. S., Siraj, S. S., and Goddard, S., 2009. Reproductive biology of the Sergestid shrimp Acetes indicus (Decapoda: Sergestidae) in coastal waters of Malacca, Peninsular Malaysia. Zoological Studies, 48: 753–760.
Palacios, E., and Racotta, I. S., 2003. Effect of number of spawns on the resulting spawn quality of 1-year old pond reared Penaeus vannamei (Boone) broodstock. Aquaculture Research, 34: 427–435.
Palacios, E., Racotta, I. S., and de la Paz, A., 1999. Spawning frequency analysis of wild and pond-reared shrimp Penaeus vannamei broodstock under large-scale hatchery conditions. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 30: 180–191.
Racotta, I. S., Palacios, E., and Ibarra, A. M., 2003. Shrimp larval quality in relation to broodstock condition. Aquaculture, 227: 107–130.
Rendon, R. S., Macias, R. E., Calderon, P. J. A., Nunez, P. A., and Solis, I. R., 2007. Comparison of some reproductive characteristics of farmed and wild white shrimp males Litopenaeus vannamei (Decapoda: Penaeidae). Revista de Biologia Tropical, 55: 199–206.
Robertson, A., and Lerner, I. L., 1949. The heritability of all-ornone traits: Viability of poultry. Genetics, 34: 395.
Ruan, X. H., Luo, K., Luan, S., Kong, J., Xu, S. Y., Chen, R. J., and Chen, G. L., 2013. Evaluation of growth performance in Litopenaeus vannamei populations introduced from other nations. Journal of Fisheries of China, 1: 37–42.
Su, G. S., Liljedahl, L. E., and Gall, G. A. E., 1997. Genetic and environmental variation of female reproductive traits in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus my kiss). Aquaculture, 154: 115–124.
Su, G. S., Liljedahl, L. E., and Gall, G. A. E., 2002. Genetic correlations between body weight at different ages and with reproductive traits in rainbow trout. Aquaculture, 213: 85–94.
Sui, J., Luan, S., Luo, K., Meng, X. H., Lu, X., Cao, B. X., Li, W. J., Chai, Z., Liu, N., Xu, S. Y., and Kong, J., 2015. Genetic parameters and response to selection for harvest body weight of pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture Research, 1–9.
Trnh, Q. T., Johan, A. M. A., and Hans, K., 2013. Genetic parameters for reproductive traits in female Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): II. Fecundity and fertility. Aquaculture, 416-417: 72–77.
Wyban, J. A., and Sweeney, J. N., 1991. Intensive Shrimp Production Technology: The Oceanic Institute Shrimp Manual. The Oceanic Institute, Honolulu, USA, 1–158.
Xiong, J. H., Zhao, Y. Z., Gao, Y. H., Xie, D. X., Zhang, B., and Chen, X. H., 2011. Advances in breeding improved varieties of Litopenaeus vannamei. Journal of Southem Agriculture, 42: 556–561.
Zar, J. H., 1998. Biostatistical Analysis. 4th edition. Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, USA, 1–929.
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by Project 2016-X39 of the Introduction of International Advanced Agricultural Science and Technology Plan, Project 2015ASKJ02 of the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project Financially Supported by Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Project BE2014414 of the Jiangsu Province Science and Technology Support Program, Project of the Guangdong Province Agricultural Improved Variety Establishment of System Project, Project of Taishan scholar program for seed industry, and Project 14-2-4-52-jch5 of the Qingdao Scientific Research Foundation, Project 2016GGF01064 of Key research and development project of Shandong Province. We thank Jutao Guo and Houkuan Du for providing technical support and collecting the data during this study.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tan, J., Kong, J., Cao, B. et al. Genetic parameter estimation of reproductive traits of Litopenaeus vannamei . J. Ocean Univ. China 16, 161–167 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-017-3127-9
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-017-3127-9