Abstract
Modified carbol fuchsin staining method was successfully introduced into the karyotype analyses of marine algae, including Porphyra, Undaria pinnatifida and Laminaria japonica. Haploid chromosomes were numbered clearly in the vegetative, spermatangial and conchosporangial cells of P. haitanensis and P. yezoensis. Diploid chromosomes were observed and numbered in immature conchosporangial cells of P. haitanensis and P. yezoensis. Pit-connections of Porphyra were also clearly demonstrated. Prophase chromosomes of conchocelis cells were also clearly stained with modified carbol fuchsin. One molar per liter hydrochloric hydrolysis at 60°C for 7–8 min is necessary for getting transparent cytoplasm for conchosporangial karyotype analysis of Porphyra. Staining effects of the three methods using iron alum acetocarmine, aceto-iron-haematoxylin-chloral hydrate and modified carbol fuchsin were compared on the vegetative, spermatangial and conchosporangial cells of Porphyra and the gametophytes of U. pinnatifida and L. japonica. Among the three methods, the modified carbol fuchsin method gave the best result of deep staining and good contrast between nucleus and cytoplasm.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Austin, A. P., 1959. Iron-alum aceto-carmine staining for chromosomes and other anatomical features of Rhodophyceae. Stain Tech., 34: 69–75.
Carr, D. H., and J. E. Walker, 1961. Carbol fuchsin as a stain for human chromosomes. Stain Technol., 36: 233–236.
Dai, J. X., 1987. Observation of chromosomes of Porphyra marginata. J. Shandong Coll. Oceanol., 1: 113–116 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Dai, J. X., J. J. Cui, Y. L. Ou, and Z. X. Fang, 1993a. Genetical study on the parthenogenesis in Laminaria japonica. Acta Oceanol. Sin., 12: 295–298.
Dai, J. X., and Z. X. Fang, 1977. The chromsomes of Laminaria japonica. Acta Genet. Sin., 4: 325–328 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Dai, J. X., and Z. X. Fang, 1985. Observation of chromosomes of Porphyra tenera. J. Wuhan Bot. Res., 3: 471–473 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Dai, J. X, Q. Q. Zhang, and Z. M. Bao, 1993b. Genetic breeding and seedling raising experiments with Porphyra protoplasts. Aquaculture, 111: 139–145.
Fox, D. P., 1969. Some characteristics of the cold hydrolysis technique for staining plant tissues by the Feulgen reaction. J. Histochem. Cytochem., 17: 266–272.
Fujii, M. T., and M. Guerra, 1998. Improved haematoxylin staining for algal cytogenetics. Biotech. Histochem., 73: 78–81.
Giraud, A., and F. M. Magne, 1968. La place de la meiose dans le cycle de development de Porphyra umbilicalis. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) Ser. D, 267: 586–588.
Godward, M. B. E., 1948. The iron alum acetocarmine method for algae. Nature, 161: 203.
Kito, H., 1974. Cytological observations on the conchocelis phase in three species of Porphyra. Bull. Tohoku Reg. Fish. Res. Lab., 33: 101–117.
Kito, H., 1978. Cytological studies on genus Porphyra. Bull. Tohoku Reg. Fish. Res. Lab., 39: 29–34.
Lewis, R. J., B. Y. Jiang, M. Neushul, and X. G. Fei, 1993. Haploid parthenogenetic sporophytes of Laminaria japonica (Phaeophyceae). J. Phycol., 29: 363–369.
Li, M. X., and X. F. Zhang, 1991. Techniques for Plant Chromosome. Dongbei Forestry University Press, Harbin, 40 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu, C. M., Y. Zheng, and L. He, 2004. The comparison of several kinds of dyeing methods of chromosome of salivary gland in fruit fly. J. Jilin Norm. Univ. (Natl. Sci. Ed.), 4: 62–65 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Martens, M. R., and B. I. Reisch, 1988. An improved technique for counting chromosomes in grapes. HortScience, 23: 896–899.
Migita, S., 1967. Cytological studies on Porphyra yezoensis Ueda. Bull. Fac. Fish. Nagasaki Univ., 24: 55–64.
Owen, H. R., and A. R. Miller, 1993. A comparison of staining techniques for somatic chromosomes of strawberry. HortScience, 28: 155–156.
Pan, X. F., and H. Q. Xu, 2002. Staining effect of carbol fuchsin on chromosome of salivary gland in fruit fly. J. Biol., 19: 26–27 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Pringle, J. D., and A. P. Austin, 1970. The mitotic index in selected red algae in situ. II. A supralittoral species, Porphyra lanceolata (Setchell & Hus.) G. M. Smith. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 5: 113–137.
Rao, C. S. P., 1953. Acetocarmine as a nuclear stain in Rhodophyceae. Nature, 172: 1197.
Wang, L., and G. Z. Jia, 2003. Carbol fuchsin method is improved to observe drosophila salivary gland chromosomes. J. Tarim Univ. Agr. Reclam., 15: 1–9 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang, Y. H., Z. H. Hu, and Y. M. Wu, 2004. Chromosome staining and flaking technique for eucalyptus. Guangxi Forest. Sci., 33: 176–179 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Wittmann, W., 1962. Aceto-iron-haematoxylin for staining chromosomes in squashes of plant material. Stain Technol., 37: 27–30.
Wittmann, W., 1965. Aceto-iron-haematoxylin-chloral hydrate for chromosome staining. Stain Technol., 40: 161–164.
Yabu, H., and J. Tokida, 1966. Application of aceto-ironhaematoxylin-chloral hydrate method to chromosome staining in marine algae. Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 79: 381.
Zhou, L. R., J. X. Dai, and S. D. Shen, 2004. An improved chromosome preparation from male gametophyte of Laminaria japonica (Heterokontophyta). Hydrobiologia, 512: 141–144.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, J., Dai, J. An improved method for karyotype analyses of marine algae. J. Ocean Univ. China 7, 205–209 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-007-0205-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-007-0205-z