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Mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of swine manure with sulfamethoxazole and norfloxacin: Dynamics of microbial communities and evolution of resistance genes

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Abstract

The role of norfloxacin (NOR) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion (AD) of pig manure, with respect to methane production and variations in the microbial community and resistance genes, including antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), class I integrase (intIl), and heavy metal resistance genes (MRGs), was investigated. The results indicated that NOR exerted little influence on the microbial community, whereas SMX negatively affected the acetoclastic methanogens. The abundance of two sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1 and sul2), three quinolone resistance genes (qnrS, parC, and aac(6′)-Ib-cr), and intI1 decreased by 2–3 orders of magnitude at the end of thermophilic AD. In contrast, mesophilic AD was generally ineffective in reducing the abundance of resistance genes. According to the results of redundancy analysis, the abundance of ARGs was affected primarily by microbial community dynamics (68.5%), rather than the selective pressure due to antibiotic addition (13.3%). Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) through intI1 contributed to 26.4% of the ARG variation. The archaeal community also influenced the changes in the resistance genes, and ARG reduction was significantly correlated with enhanced methane production. Thermophilic AD presented a higher methane production potential and greater reduction in resistance gene abundance.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51878214) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2019YFD1100200).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin, 150090, China

    Qinxue Wen, Shuo Yang & Zhiqiang Chen

  2. School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China

    Qinxue Wen & Zhiqiang Chen

Authors
  1. Qinxue Wen
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  2. Shuo Yang
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  3. Zhiqiang Chen
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Correspondence to Zhiqiang Chen.

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Highlights

• SMX addition had negative effect on acetoclastic methanogens in mesophilic AD.

• Thermophilic AD was more effective in eliminating resistance genes than mesophilic.

• ARGs variations in AD were mainly affected by succession of microbial community.

• Methane production was significant associated to ARGs reduction.

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Wen, Q., Yang, S. & Chen, Z. Mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of swine manure with sulfamethoxazole and norfloxacin: Dynamics of microbial communities and evolution of resistance genes. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng. 15, 94 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-020-1342-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-020-1342-x

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