Abstract
The failure of spur gears operating in highly contaminated media was studied. In fact, the effect of the presence of solid particles in gear mechanisms during surface tooth contact was observed. It is shown that the solid contaminants lead to significant wear in the first few operating cycles, in zones with a high rate of sliding. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show clearly that the wear is more significant for a dry contact in the presence of larger size particles. Indeed, the presence of contaminants leads to an increase in friction, and therefore raises the temperature and the vibration levels when the operation of gear mechanism becomes very severe especially for a dry contact under the effect of larger size particles. On the other hand, we have tried to obtain a better understanding and a good description of wear debris distributions in gear mechanisms by using unimodal, single distribution models (Weibull and three-parameter Weibull).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
CUSANO C, WEDEVEN L D. The influence of surface dents and grooves on traction in sliding EHD point contacts [J]. ASLE Transactions, 1982, 26(3): 306–310.
WEDEVEN L D, CUSANO C. Elastohydrodynamic film thickness measurements of artificially produced surface dents and groove [J]. ASLE Transactions, 1979, 22(4): 369–381.
KANETA M, SAKAI T, NISHIKAWA H. Optical interferometric observations of the effects of a bump on point contact EHL [J]. ASME Journal of Tribology, 1992, 114(4): 779–784.
KANETA M, NISHIKAWA H. Local reduction in thickness of point contact EHL films caused by a transversely oriented moving groove and its recovery [J]. ASME Journal of Tribology, 1994, 116: 635–639.
KANETA M, KANADA T, NISHIKAWA H. Optical interferometric observations of the effects of a moving dent on point contact [J]. Tribology Series, 1997, 32: 69–79.
KO C N, IOANNIDES E. Debris denting-The associated residual stresses and their effect on the fatigue life of sliding bearing, an FEM analysis [C]// Proceedings of 15th Leeds-Lyon Symposium on Tribology. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1989: 199–207.
LUBRECHT A A, VENNER C H, LANE S, JACOBSON B, IOANNIDES E. Surface damage-comparison of theoretical and experimental endurance lives of rolling bearings [C]// Proceedings of the Japan International Tribology Conference. Nagoya, Japan, 1990: 185–190.
LUBRECHT A A, DWYER JOYCE R S, IOANNIDES E. Analysis of the influence of indentations on contact life [J]. Tribology Series, 1992, 21:173–181.
AI X, CHENG H S. The influence of moving dent on point EHL contacts [J]. STLE Tribology Transactions, 1994, 37: 323–335.
NIXON H P, ZANTOPULOS H. Fatigue life performance comparisons of tapered roller bearing with debris dam-aged raceways [J]. Lubrication Engineering, 1995, 5(19): 732–736.
AI X, LEE S C. Effect of slide to roll ratio on interior stresses around a dent in EHL contacts [J]. STLE Tribology Transactions, 1996, 39(4): 881–889.
COULON S, VILLE F, LUBRECHT A A. Experimental investigations on rolling contact fatigue for dented surfaces using artificial defects [J]. Tribology and Interface Engineering Series, 2005, 48: 691–702.
WAN G T Y, SPIKES H A. The behaviour of suspended solid particles in rolling and sliding elastohydrodynamic contacts [J]. Tribology Transactions, 1988, 31(1): 12–21.
AI X. Effect of debris contamination on the fatigue life of roller bearings [J]. Proc IMechE, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, 2001, 215(6): 563–575.
XU G, SADEGHI F, COGDELL J D. Debris denting effects on elastohydrodynamic lubricated contacts [J]. ASME Journal of Tribology, 1997, 119(3): 579–587.
JIN Y, YANG Q. Ferrographic analysis of wear debris generated in locomotive diesel engines [J]. Wear, 1984, 93(1): 23–32.
AKAGAKI T, NAKAMURA M, MONZEN T, KAWABATA M. Analysis of the behaviour of rolling bearings in contaminated oil using some condition monitoring techniques [J]. Proc IMechE, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, 2006, 220(5): 447–453.
PENG Z, KESSISSOGLOU N J, COX M. A study of the effect of contaminant particles in lubricants using wear debris and vibration condition monitoring [J]. Wear, 2005, 258: 1651–1662.
KHAN M A, STARR A G, COOPER D. A methodology for online wear debris morphology and composition analysis [J]. Proc IMechE, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, 2008, 222(7): 785–796.
KUSANO M, HUTCHINGS I M. Modeling the entrainment and motion of particles in a gap: Application to abrasive wear [J]. Proc IMechE, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, 2003, 217(6): 427–433.
NIKAS G K. Mathematical analysis of the entrapment of solid spherical particles in non-conformal contacts [J]. ASME Journal of Tribology, 2001, 123(1): 83–93.
ANTALUCA E, NELIAS D. Contact fatigue analysis of a dented surface in a dry elastic-plastic circular point contact [J]. Tribology Letters, 2008, 29(2): 139–153.
NILSSON R, OLOFSSON O, SANDVALL K. Filtration and coating effects on self-generated particle wear in boundary lubricated roller bearings [J]. Tribology International, 2005, 38(2): 145–150.
KHONSARI M M, BOOSER E R. Effect of contamination on the performance of hydrodynamic bearings [J]. Proc IMechE, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, 2006, 220(5): 419–428.
DWYER JOYCE R S. The life cycle of a debris particle. [C]// Proceedings of the 31st Leeds-Lyon Symposium on Tribology: Tribology and Interface Engineering Series. Leeds, UK: Elsevier, 2004, 48: 681–690.
MYSHKIN N K, MARKOVA L V, SEMENYUK M S, KONG H, HAN H G, YOON E S. Wear monitoring based on the analysis of lubricant contamination by optical ferroanalyzer [J]. Wear, 2003, 255: 1271–1275.
SARI M R, HAIAHEM A, FLAMAND L. Effect of lubricant contamination on gear wear [J]. Tribology Letters, 2007, 27: 119–126.
DENG S, HUA L, HAN X H, HUANG S. Finite element analysis of contact fatigue and bending fatigue of a theoretical assembling straight bevel gear pair [J]. Journal of Central South University, 2013, 20: 279–292
NFA 35-552. Non-alloyed and heat treated special structural steels-Grades, semi-products, bars and wire rods (E) [S]. 1986.
NFA 35-553. Non-alloyed and alloyed heat treated special structural steels-Hot rolled strip [S]. 1987.
FORBES C, EVANS M, HASTINGS N, PEACOCK B. Statistical distributions [M]. 4th ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, Inc, 2011.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bouchireb, A., Sari, M.R. Effect of solid particles on gear tooth failure. J. Cent. South Univ. 22, 1667–1675 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-015-2685-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-015-2685-5