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A systematic review and meta-analysis of e-cigarette use among cancer survivors

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Abstract

Purpose

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the use of e-cigarettes among cancer survivors, factors associated with their use, and prevalence of e-cigarette use as a quit attempt.

Methods

We searched five electronic databases until June 2022. Two authors independently selected studies, appraised their quality, and collected data.

Results

Twenty-three publications from eight data sources (national surveys) met our eligibility criteria. The pooled rate of lifetime e-cigarette use among cancer survivors was 15% (95% CI 6–27%); current use was 3% (95% CI 0–8%). Among survivors who currently used traditional cigarettes, 63% (95% CI 57–69%) also used e-cigarettes. The reported rates of weighted lifetime e-cigarette use differed between age groups (18–44 years, up to 46.7%; 45–64, up to 27.2%; ≥65, up to 24.8%). Nine publications reported factors associated with lifetime e-cigarette use (i.e., active use of traditional cigarettes; heavy drinking; poor mental health; younger age; being male, non-Hispanic White, or single; having less than high school education or income ≤$25,000 USD; and living in the South regions of the US or urban areas). E-cigarettes were used as a quit resource by 75% of survivors reporting dual use of electronic and traditional cigarettes (95% CI 63%, 85%).

Conclusion

More than two-thirds of survivors currently using traditional cigarettes also use e-cigarettes. Higher use rates of e-cigarettes were reported among young cancer survivors compared to older survivors. Future studies are needed to assess the impact of e-cigarettes on long-term health and improve screening of smoking behaviors.

Implications for Cancer Survivors

Our study provides an overview of the prevalence of e-cigarette use and sociodemographic risk factors associated with e-cigarette use among cancer survivors. The findings can assist providers in supporting attempts to quit among cancer survivors.

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Data availability

This study is a systematic review that uses retrospective data already published and is publicly available.

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Acknowledgements

Editorial support was provided by Bryan Tutt, Scientific Editor, Research Medical Library at MD Anderson Cancer Center.”

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Health Services Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA

    Maria A. Lopez-Olivo & Maria E. Suarez-Almazor

  2. The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 1444, Houston, TX, 77030, USA

    Maria A. Lopez-Olivo

  3. City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA

    Justin James & Joel James

  4. Research Medical Library, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA

    Kate J. Krause

  5. Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA

    Michael Roth

  6. Office of Cancer Survivorship, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA

    Guadalupe R. Palos & Katherine Gilmore

  7. Department of General Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA

    Hilary Ma

  8. Department of Lymphoma-Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Lymphoma-Myeloma, Houston, USA

    Alma Rodriguez

  9. Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA

    Paul Cinciripini

  10. Department of General Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA

    Maria E. Suarez-Almazor

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Contributions

Maria A. Lopez-Olivo: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Formal analysis, Writing- Original draft preparation; Justin James: Validation, Investigation, Data curation, Writing- Original draft preparation, Joel James: Validation, Investigation, Data curation, Writing- Original draft preparation, Kate Krause: Resources, Writing- Reviewing and Editing; Michael Roth: Conceptualization, Writing- Reviewing and Editing; Guadalupe R. Palos: Conceptualization, Writing- Reviewing and Editing; Hilary Ma: Conceptualization, Writing- Reviewing and Editing; Alma Rodriguez: Conceptualization, Writing- Reviewing and Editing; Katherine Gilmore: Conceptualization, Writing- Reviewing and Editing; Paul Cinciripini: Conceptualization, Writing- Reviewing and Editing; Maria E. Suarez-Almazor: Conceptualization, Writing- Reviewing and Editing. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Maria A. Lopez-Olivo.

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Lopez-Olivo, M.A., James, J., James, J. et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of e-cigarette use among cancer survivors. J Cancer Surviv 18, 1059–1074 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11764-023-01357-6

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