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Long-term neurotoxicity and quality of life in testicular cancer survivors—a nationwide cohort study

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Abstract

Purpose

To evaluate neurotoxicity in testicular cancer survivors (TCSs) years after treatment and secondly the influence of neurotoxicity on quality-of-life (QoL).

Methods

We identified 2234 TCSs who completed the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy/Gynecologic Oncology Group-Neurotoxicity questionnaire. QoL was evaluated with the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30. Patients were grouped according to treatment strategy: surveillance (N = 1113), infradiaphragmatic radiotherapy (N = 301), cisplatin-etoposide-bleomycin (BEP) (N = 759), and more than one line of treatment (MTOL) (N = 61). Association of treatment modality with long-term neurotoxicity was analyzed with ordinal logistic regression. Secondly, associations between neurotoxicity and QoL were analyzed in BEP-treated patients. Analyses were age-adjusted and repeated with additional adjustment for comorbidity, smoking, and alcohol consumption.

Results

After a median follow-up of 18.4 years, treatment with BEP and MTOL was associated with overall increased risk of neurotoxicity (odds ratio 2.4–4.7 depending on treatment intensity, P < 0.001) as well as subscales (peripheral neuropathy, ototoxicity, and dysfunction associated with neuropathy, all P < 0.001). Radiotherapy and surveillance were not associated with neurotoxicity. In patients treated with BEP, neurotoxicity was highly associated with all indicators of worse QoL outcomes (P-trend: 1.5 × 10−17 to 1.1 × 10−28) after almost 20 years of follow-up.

Conclusions

Treatment with BEP was associated with long-term neurotoxicity, which was highly associated with decreased QoL. Strategies to ameliorate or prevent neurotoxicity should be investigated.

Implications for Cancer Survivors

Treatment with chemotherapy for testicular cancer induces long-term neuro- and ototoxicity which may have severe influence on quality-of-life years after treatment cessation.

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Funding

This work was supported by grants from Danish Cancer Society and Preben and Anna Simonsens foundation.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100, Copenhagen, OE, Denmark

    Jakob Lauritsen, Mikkel Bandak, Michael Kreiberg, Julie Wang Skøtt, Thomas Wagner, Josephine Julie Rosenvilde & Gedske Daugaard

  2. Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Thomas Wagner

  3. Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

    Lars Dysager

  4. Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

    Mads Agerbæk

Authors
  1. Jakob Lauritsen
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  2. Mikkel Bandak
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  9. Gedske Daugaard
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jakob Lauritsen.

Ethics declarations

Patients provided informed consent for participation in this study, and the study was approved by the regional ethical committee (File number, H-2-2012-044), as well as the National Board of Data Protection (File number, 2012-41-0751).

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Lauritsen, J., Bandak, M., Kreiberg, M. et al. Long-term neurotoxicity and quality of life in testicular cancer survivors—a nationwide cohort study. J Cancer Surviv 15, 509–517 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11764-020-00944-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11764-020-00944-1

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