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Distinct health behavior and psychosocial profiles of young adult survivors of childhood cancers: a mixed methods study

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Abstract

Background

We used a mixed-methods approach to examine health behavior profiles of young adult cancer survivors and characterize related sociodemographic and psychosocial factors.

Methods

We conducted a mail-based survey assessing sociodemographics, cancer treatment, health behaviors (e.g., tobacco use, physical activity), healthcare provider interactions, and psychosocial factors (e.g., Profile of Moods States [POMS]) among 106 young adult survivors from a southeastern cancer center and semi-structured interviews among a subset of 26.

Results

A k-means cluster analysis using eight health behaviors yielded three distinct health behavior profiles: high risk (n = 25), moderate risk (n = 39), and low risk (n = 40). High risks had the highest current alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use; physical activity; and number of sexual partners (p’s < 0.001). They had higher symptoms of POMS tension-anxiety, depression-dejection, fatigue-inertia, and confusion-bewilderment (p’s < 0.05). Moderate risks had lowest physical activity (p < 0.05) but otherwise had moderate health behaviors. Low risks had the lowest alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use and fewest sexual partners (p’s < 0.05). They had the lowest levels of tension-anxiety, depression-dejection, fatigue-inertia, and confusion-bewilderment (p’s < 0.05). Qualitative interviews showed that cancer had a range of effects on health behaviors and variable experiences regarding how healthcare providers address these behaviors.

Conclusions

Assessing health behavior profiles, rather than individual health behaviors, is informative in characterizing young adult cancer survivors and targeting survivorship care.

Implications for Cancer Survivors

Young adult cancer survivors demonstrate distinct health behavior profiles and are differentially impacted by the experience of cancer. Healthcare providers should be consistently intervening to ensure that survivors understand their specific health risks.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Emory University School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA

    Kincaid Lowe, Cam Escoffery & Carla J. Berg

  2. Aflac Cancer Center/Department of Pediatrics, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Woodruff Health Sciences Center, Emory University, 1440 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA

    Ann C. Mertens

Authors
  1. Kincaid Lowe
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  2. Cam Escoffery
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  3. Ann C. Mertens
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  4. Carla J. Berg
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Carla J. Berg.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Georgia Cancer Coalition (PI: Berg), the National Cancer Institute (PI: Berg; 5K07CA139114), the Emory Egleston Children’s Research Center (PI: Esiashvili), and the Winship Cancer Institute Kennedy Survivorship Award (PI: Berg).

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Ethical approval of research involving human subjects

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The Emory University Institutional Review Board approved this study, IRB# 00055570. All participants provided written and/or oral consent.

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Lowe, K., Escoffery, C., Mertens, A.C. et al. Distinct health behavior and psychosocial profiles of young adult survivors of childhood cancers: a mixed methods study. J Cancer Surviv 10, 619–632 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11764-015-0508-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11764-015-0508-1

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