Zusammenfassung
Im Jahr 2018 wurden in Deutschland 140.775 Opfer intimpartnerschaftlicher Gewalt verzeichnet – eine ähnlich hohe Zahl wie bereits in den letzten Jahren – darunter 142 Opfer vollendeter Mord- oder Totschlagsdelikte. Damit macht Gewalt in der aktuellen oder ehemaligen Intimpartnerschaft einen beträchtlichen Anteil an der gesamten polizeilich registrierten Gewalt aus. Intimpartnergewalt wird dabei über eine breite Altersspanne, verschiedene Beziehungsformen und Geschlechterkonstellationen hinweg festgestellt. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden zentrale Aspekte intimpartnerschaftlicher Gewalt anhand von aktueller empirischer Forschung diskutiert, mit Schwerpunkt auf deutschsprachige Länder. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über aktuelle Kennzahlen zur Intimpartnergewalt in Deutschland und bietet eine Zusammenfassung über Typologien, die verschiedene Subtypen von (TäterInnen) intimpartnerschaftlicher Gewalt unterscheiden. Weiterhin wird auf individuelle Risikofaktoren für die Ausübung von Intimpartnergewalt und auf aktuelle Ansätze zur Risikoeinschätzung eingegangen. Abschließend werden Präventions- und Interventionsansätze aufgezeigt. Dabei wird ein in Zürich aktuell praktizierter interdisziplinärer Ansatz zu frühzeitiger Erkennung, Einschätzung und Entschärfung von problematischen (Beziehungs‑)Konstellationen, mit dem Ziel Intimpartnergewalt zu verhindern, vorgestellt.
Abstract
In 2018 there were 140,775 victims of intimate partner violence registered by the police in Germany, a number similar to those found in previous years. Among these were 142 cases of homicide and manslaughter. Thus, violence between current or former intimate partners makes up a significant part of all registered violence. Intimate partner violence is found across a wide age range, across different relationships and gender constellations. This article discusses the central aspects of intimate partner violence in the light of current empirical research, with an emphasis on German-speaking countries. Furthermore, the article provides an overview of the current key figures of intimate partner violence in Germany and a summary of influential typologies of intimate partner violence suggesting distinct subtypes (of perpetrators). Moreover, the individual risk factors for carrying out intimate partner violence and current approaches to risk assessment are also discussed. Finally, approaches to prevention and interventions are outlined. An interdisciplinary approach to prevention of intimate partner violence through early identification, assessment and defusing of problematic (relationship) constellations currently implemented in Zurich is introduced.
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Notes
1) Mord und Totschlag (ohne Tötung auf Verlangen), 2) gefährliche Körperverletzung, 3) schwere Körperverletzung, 4) Körperverletzung mit Todesfolge, 5) vorsätzliche einfache Körperverletzung, 6) sexueller Übergriff, sexuelle Nötigung, Vergewaltigung, 7) Bedrohung, Stalking, Nötigung (psychische Gewalt, ohne Beleidigung und Verleumdung), 8) Freiheitsberaubung, 9) Zuhälterei, 10) Zwangsprostitution (Bundeskriminalamt 2019, S. 2).
Bezüglich Risikofaktoren für Viktimisierung: beispielsweise Spencer et al. (2019b).
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Krause, C., Guldimann, A. & Habermeyer, E. Intimpartnergewalt: Kennzahlen, Tätercharakteristika, Risikoerfassung und -management. Forens Psychiatr Psychol Kriminol 14, 167–176 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11757-020-00595-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11757-020-00595-z