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Entwicklungsbezogene Prävention von Gewalt und Kriminalität

Ansätze und Wirkungen

Developmental prevention of violence and criminality

Approaches and effects

  • Übersicht
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Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Der Aufsatz gibt einen Überblick über Ansätze und Forschungsergebnisse zur Wirkung der entwicklungsbezogenen Prävention von Delinquenz, Gewalt und anderen Problemen antisozialen Verhaltens im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Zuerst werden einige Grundbegriffe und Argumente für solche Präventionsmaßnahmen erörtert. Dann werden exemplarisch Programme vorgestellt, die an der Familie, am Kind, in der Schule oder Gemeinde ansetzen. Es folgt eine Gesamtevaluation, v. a. anhand von systematischen Forschungssynthesen und Metaanalysen. Im Rahmen eines integrativen Modells zeigt sich, dass zahlreiche Merkmale der Programme, Kontexte, Teilnehmer und Evaluationsmethoden für die Wirkung bedeutsam sind. Insgesamt sind die Effektstärken zumeist positiv und eher niedrig, haben aber praktische Relevanz. Erforderlich sind mehr gut kontrollierte Langzeitevaluationen zur Wirksamkeit und mehr Prozessevaluationen zur Implementierung und Qualitätssicherung. Zukünftige Forschung und Praxis sollten durch eine längerfristige und ressortübergreifende Präventionspolitik stärker integriert werden.

Abstract

This article provides an overview of concepts and empirical evaluations of developmental prevention of delinquency, violence and other forms of antisocial behavior in childhood and youth. At first basic terms and arguments are discussed; then a selection of family, child school and community-oriented programs are briefly presented. There follows an integrative evaluation of the field that is mainly based on systematic reviews and meta-analyses. An integrative model shows that preventive effects depend on many characteristics of the programs, contexts, participants and evaluation methods. In total effect sizes are positive and small but show practical relevance. There is a strong need for more well controlled outcome evaluations with long-term follow-up and more process evaluations of implementation and quality assurance. Future research and practice should be integrated within a long-term and cross-departmental prevention policy.

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  1. Institute of Criminology, Cambridge University, Sidgwick Avenue, CB3 9DA, Cambridge, UK

    Friedrich Lösel

  2. Institut für Psychologie, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Deutschland

    Friedrich Lösel

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Lösel, F. Entwicklungsbezogene Prävention von Gewalt und Kriminalität. Forens Psychiatr Psychol Kriminol 6, 71–84 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11757-012-0159-2

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