Abstract
In two studies, the authors examine three targets of commitment in service provider–consumer relationships and their effects on customer loyalty. The results indicate that service consumers distinguish between commitment to a service company, commitment to an individual in the role of service employee, and commitment to an individual outside of the role of service employee (e.g., a personal commitment such as a friendship). In addition, these three targets of commitment are hierarchically related and have differential effects on various customer responses. The results have implications for both customer relationship managers and researchers studying such relationships.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
Note: An appendix containing all of the measurement items and their respective psychometric properties can be obtained from the lead author.
Scenarios will be made available upon request to the lead author.
References
Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: a review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411–423. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411.
Bansal, H. S., Irving, P. G., & Taylor, S. F. (2004). A three-component model of customer commitment to service providers. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 32(3), 234–250. doi:10.1177/0092070304263332.
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173–1182. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173.
Beatty, S. E., Morris Mayer, J. E., Coleman, K. E. R., & Jungki, L. (1996). Customer-sales associate retail relationships. Journal of Retailing, 72(3), 223–247. doi:10.1016/S0022-4359(96)90028-7.
Bendapudi, N., & Leone, R. P. (2002). Managing business-to-business customer relationships following key contact employee turnover in a vendor firm. Journal of Marketing, 66(2), 83–101. doi:10.1509/jmkg.66.2.83.18476.
Bollen, K. A. (1989). Structural equations with latent variables. New York: Wiley.
Brown, J. J., & Reingen, P. H. (1987). Social ties and word-of-mouth referral behavior. The Journal of Consumer Research, 14(3), 350–362. doi:10.1086/209118.
Brown, T. J., Mowen, J. C., Donovan, D. T., & Licata, J. W. (2002). The customer orientation of service workers: personality trait determinants and influences on self and supervisor performance ratings. JMR, Journal of Marketing Research, 39(1), 110–119. doi:10.1509/jmkr.39.1.110.18928.
Burt, R. S. (1995). Structural holes: The social structure of competition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Cote, J. A., & Ronald Buckley, M. (1987). Estimating trait, method, and error variance: generalizing across 70 construct validation studies. JMR, Journal of Marketing Research, 24, 315–318 (August) doi:10.2307/3151642.
Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social exchange theory: an interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874–900. doi:10.1177/0149206305279602.
Dabholkar, P. A., Shepherd, C. D., & Thorpe, D. I. (2000). A comprehensive framework for service quality: an investigation of critical conceptual and measurement issues through a longitudinal study. Journal of Retailing, 76(2), 139–173. doi:10.1016/S0022-4359(00)00029-4.
Dick, A. S., & Basu, K. (1994). Customer loyalty: toward an integrated conceptual framework. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 22(2), 99–113. doi:10.1177/0092070394222001.
DiMaggio, P., & Louch, H. (1998). Socially embedded consumer transactions: for what kind of purchases do people most often use networks. American Sociological Review, 63, 619–637 (October) doi:10.2307/2657331.
Drigotas, S. M., Safstrom, C. A., & Gentilia, T. (1999). An investment model prediction of dating infidelity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(3), 509–524. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.77.3.509.
Fabrigar, L. R., MacCallum, R. C., Wegener, D. T., & Strahan, E. J. (1999). Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. Psychological Methods, 4(3), 272–299. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.4.3.272.
Finkel, E. J., & Keith Campbell, W. (2001). Self-control and accommodation in close relationships: an interdependence analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(2), 263–277. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.81.2.263.
Finkel, E. J., Rusbult, C. E., Kumashiro, M., & Hannon, P. A. (2002). Dealing with betrayal in close relationships: does commitment promote forgiveness? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 956–974. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.82.6.956.
Fullerton, G. (2003). When does commitment lead to loyalty? Journal of Service Research, 5(4), 333–345. doi:10.1177/1094670503005004005.
Ganesh, J., Arnold, M. J., & Reynolds, K. E. (2000). Understanding the customer base of service providers: an examination of the differences between switchers and stayers. Journal of Marketing, 64(3), 65–87. doi:10.1509/jmkg.64.3.65.18028.
Garbarino, E., & Johnson, M. S. (1999). The different roles of satisfaction, trust, and commitment in customer relationships. Journal of Marketing, 63(2), 70–87. doi:10.2307/1251946.
Gerbing, D. W., & Anderson, J. C. (1988). An updated paradigm for scale development incorporating unidimensionality and its assessment. JMR, Journal of Marketing Research, 25, 186–192 (May) doi:10.2307/3172650.
Goodwin, C., & Gremler, D. D. (1996). Friendship over the counter: How social aspects of service encounters influence customer service loyalty. In Advances in Services Marketing and Management. Eds. Teresa A. Swartz, David E Bowen and Stephen W. Brown. 5: JAI: 247–82.
Granovetter, M. S. (1973). The strength of weak ties. American Journal of Sociology, 78(6), 1360–1380. doi:10.1086/225469.
Grayson, K. (2007). Friendship versus business in marketing relationships. Journal of Marketing, 71(4), 121–139.
Gremler, D. D., & Gwinner, K. P. (2000). Customer–employee rapport in service relationships. Journal of Service Research, 3(1), 82–104. doi:10.1177/109467050031006.
Gruen, T. W., Summers, J. O., & Acito, F. (2000). Relationship marketing activities, commitment, and membership behaviors in professional associations. Journal of Marketing, 64, 34–49 (July) doi:10.1509/jmkg.64.3.34.18030.
Gwinner, K. P., Gremler, D. D., & Bitner, M. J. (1998). Relational benefits in services industries: the customer's perspective. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 26(2), 101–114. doi:10.1177/0092070398262002.
Hansen, H., Sandvick, K., & Selnes, F. (2003). Direct and indirect effects of commitment to a service employee on the intention to stay. Journal of Service Research, 5(4), 356–369. doi:10.1177/1094670503005004007.
Haytko, D. L. (2004). Firm-to-firm and interpersonal relationships: perspectives from advertising account managers. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 32(3), 312–328. doi:10.1177/0092070304264989.
Heide, J. B., & Wathne, K. H. (2006). Friends, businesspeople, and relationship roles: a conceptual framework and a research agenda. Journal of Marketing, 70, 90–103 (July) doi:10.1509/jmkg.70.3.90.
Hennig-Thurau, T., Groth, M., Paul, M., & Gremler, D. D. (2006). Are all smiles created equal? how employee–customer emotional contagion and emotional labor affect service relationships. Journal of Marketing, 70, 58–73 (June) doi:10.1509/jmkg.70.3.58.
Hinde, R. A. (1979). Towards understanding relationships. New York: Academic.
Iacobucci, D., Saldanha, N., & Deng, X. (2007). A meditation on mediation: evidence that structural equations models perform better than regressions. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 17(2), 139–153.
Jacoby, J., & Chestnut, R. W. (1978). Brand Loyalty: Measurement and Management. New York: Wiley.
Jones, T., & Taylor, S. F. (2007). The nature and dimensionality of service loyalty: how many dimensions? Journal of Services Marketing, 27(1), 36–51. doi:10.1108/08876040710726284.
Jones, T., Taylor, S. F., & Bansal, H. S. (2008) Targets of Commitment in Service Relationships: A Prototyping Analysis. Qualitative Marketing Research, in press
Lovelock, C. (1983). Classifying services to gain strategic marketing insights. Journal of Marketing, 47(3), 9–20. doi:10.2307/1251193.
Maertz, C. P., Mosley, D. C., & Alford, B. L. (2002). Does organizational commitment fully mediate constituent commitment effects? A reassessment and clarification. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32(6), 1300–1313. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2002.tb01437.x.
Mattila, A. S. (2001). The impact of relationship type on customer loyalty in a context of service failures. Journal of Service Research, 4(2), 91–101. doi:10.1177/109467050142002.
Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1997). Commitment in the workplace: Theory, research, and application. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Meyer, J. P., Becker, T. E., & Vandenberghe, C. (2004). Employee commitment and motivation: A conceptual analysis and integrative model. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(6), 991–1007. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.89.6.991.
Moorman, C., Zaltman, G., & Desphande, R. (1992). Relationships between providers and users of market research. JMR, Journal of Marketing Research, 29(3), 314–329. doi:10.2307/3172742.
Morgan, R. M., & Hunt, S. D. (1994). The commitment–trust theory of relationship marketing. Journal of Marketing, 58(2), 20–38. doi:10.2307/1252308.
Palmatier, R. W., Scheer, L. K., Houston, M. B., Evans, K. R., & Gopalakrishna, S. (2007a). Use of relationship marketing programs in building customer–salesperson and customer–firm relationships: differential influences on financial outcomes. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 24, 210–223. doi:10.1016/j.ijresmar.2006.12.006.
Palmatier, R. W., Scheer, L. K., & Steenkamp, J.-B. E. M. (2007b). Customer loyalty to whom? managing the benefits and risks of salesperson-owned loyalty. JMR, Journal of Marketing Research, 44(2), 185–199 JMR doi:10.1509/jmkr.44.2.185.
Palmatier, R. W., Dant, R. P., Grewal, D., & Evans, K. R. (2006). Factors influencing the effectiveness of relationship marketing: a meta-analysis. Journal of Marketing, 70, 136–153 (October) doi:10.1509/jmkg.70.4.136.
Ping Jr., R. A. (1993). The effects of satisfaction and structural constraints on retailer exiting, voice, loyalty, opportunism, and neglect. Journal of Retailing, 69(3), 320–352. doi:10.1016/0022-4359(93)90010-G.
Price, L. L., & Arnould, E. J. (1999). Commercial friendships: service provider–client relationships in context. Journal of Marketing, 63, 38–56 (October) doi:10.2307/1251973.
Pritchard, M. P., Havitz, M. E., & Howard, D. R. (1999). Analyzing the commitment–loyalty link in service contexts. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 27(3), 333–348. doi:10.1177/0092070399273004.
Rangan, S. (2000). The problem of search and deliberation in economic action: when social networks really matter. Academy of Management Review, 25(4), 813–828. doi:10.2307/259208.
Reichheld, F. F. (1996). The loyalty effect. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
Reichheld, F. F. (2003). The one number you need to grow. Harvard Business Review, (December), 2–10.
Reynolds, K. E., & Arnold, M. J. (2000). Customer loyalty to the salesperson and the store: examining relationship customers in an upscale retail context. Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, 20(2), 89–98.
Reynolds, K. E., & Beatty, S. E. (1999). Customer benefits and company consequences of customer–salesperson relationships in retailing. Journal of Retailing, 75(1), 11–32.
Ross, W. T., & Robertson, D. C. (2007). Compound relationships between firms. Journal of Marketing, 71, 108–23 (3 (July).
Rusbult, C. E. (1980). Satisfaction and commitment in friendships. Representative Research in Social Psychology, 11, 96–105.
Rusbult, C. E., Martz, J. M., & Agnew, C. R. (1998). The investment model scale: measuring commitment level, satisfaction level, quality of alternatives, and investment size. Personal Relationships, 5, 357–391. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.1998.tb00177.x.
Rust, R. T., Zeithaml, V. A., & Lemon, K. N. (2000). Driving customer equity. New York: Free Press.
Schmidt, J. B., & Calantone, R. J. (2002). Escalation of commitment during new product development. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 30(2), 103–118. doi:10.1177/03079459994362.
Thibault, J. W., & Kelley, H. H. (1959). The social psychology of groups. New York: Wiley.
Wetzels, M., de Ruyter, K., & van Birgelen, M. (1998). Marketing service relationships: the role of commitment. Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, 13(4/5), 406–423. doi:10.1108/08858629810226708.
Williams, L. J., & Anderson, S. E. (1994). An alternative approach to method effects by using latent-variable models: applications in organizational behavior research. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 79(3), 323–331. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.79.3.323.
Zeithaml, V. A., Berry, L. L., & Parasuraman, A. (1996). The behavioral consequences of service quality. Journal of Marketing, 60(2), 31. doi:10.2307/1251929.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Shirley F. Taylor is deceased.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jones, T., Taylor, S.F. & Bansal, H.S. Commitment to a friend, a service provider, or a service company—are they distinctions worth making?. J. of the Acad. Mark. Sci. 36, 473–487 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-008-0107-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-008-0107-z