Abstract
As customers have demanded greater convenience in service exchanges, researchers have responded by incorporating the convenience construct into their conceptual models and empirical studies, but a comprehensive, formally validated measure of convenience remains lacking. This study conceptualizes service convenience as a second-order, five-dimensional construct that reflects consumers’ perceived time and effort in purchasing or using a service. Service convenience dimensions are salient at different stages of the purchase decision process. Given this conceptualization, the study presents the development and validation of the SERVCON scale, a comprehensive instrument for measuring service convenience. The five dimensions are independent within a nomological network that illustrates distinct antecedent and consequent effects, and the results reinforce the multidimensional representation, offering insight into the distinctive relationships between each service convenience dimension and its antecedents, such as competitive intensity, and consequences, such as repurchase behavior. The findings help researchers and managers understand a fully conceptualized convenience construct and facilitate the measurement of convenience in future empirical studies.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Andaleeb, S. S., & Basu, A. K. (1994). Technical complexity and consumer knowledge as moderators of service quality evaluation in the automobile service industry. Journal of Retailing, 70, 367–381, (Winter).
Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1982). Some methods for respecifying measurement models to obtain unidimensional measurement. Journal of Marketing Research, 19, 453–460, (November).
Anderson, E. W., & Shugan, S. M. (1991). Repositioning for changing preferences: The case of beef versus poultry. Journal of Consumer Research, 18, 219–232, (September).
Arnold, M. J., & Reynolds, K. E. (2003). Hedonic shopping motivations. Journal of Retailing, 79(2), 77–95.
Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16, 74–94, (Spring).
Bearden, W. O., Hardesty, D. M., & Rose, R. L. (2001). Consumer self-confidence: Refinements in conceptualization and measurement. Journal of Consumer Research, 28, 121–134, (June).
Beatty, S. E., & Smith, S. M. (1987). External search effort: An investigation across several product categories. Journal of Consumer Research, 14(1), 83–95.
Beatty, S. E., & Talpade, S. (1994). Adolescent influence in family decision making: A replication with extension. Journal of Consumer Research, 21, 332–341, (September).
Berry, L. L., Seiders, K., & Grewal, D. (2002). Understanding service convenience. Journal of Marketing, 66, 1–17, (July).
Bollen, K., & Lennox, R. (1991). Conventional wisdom on measurement: A structural equation perspective. Psychological Bulletin, 110(2), 305–314.
Bolton, R. N. (1998). A dynamic model of the customer’s relationship with a continuous service provider: The role of satisfaction. Marketing Science, 17(1), 45–65.
Darian, J. C. (1987). In-home shopping: Are there consumer segments? Journal of Retailing, 63, 163–186, (Summer).
Diamantopoulos, A., & Winklhofer, H. M. (2001). Index construction with formative indicators: An alternative to scale development. Journal of Marketing Research, 38, 269–277, (May).
Donthu, N., & Garcia, A. (1999). The internet shopper. Journal of Advertising Research, 39, 52–58, (May/June).
Edwards, J. R., & Bagozzi, R. P. (2000). On the nature and direction of relationships between constructs and measures. Psychological Methods, 5(2), 155–174.
Fichman, M., & Cummings, J. N. (2003). Multiple imputation for missing data: Making the most of what you know. Organizational Research Methods, 6, 282–308, (July).
Holbrook, M. B., & Lehmann, D. R. (1981). Allocating discretionary time: Complementarity among activities. Journal of Consumer Research, 7, 395–406, (March).
Hui, M. K., Thakor, M. V., & Gill, R. (1998). The effect of delay type and service stage on consumers’ reactions to waiting. Journal of Consumer Research, 24(4), 469–479.
Hui, M. K., & Tse, D. K. (1996). What to tell consumers in waits of different lengths. Journal of Marketing, 60, 81–90, (April).
Jarvis, C. B., MacKenzie, S. B., Podsakoff, P. M., Mick, D. G., & Bearden, W. O. (2003). A critical review of construct indicators and measurement model misspecification in marketing and consumer research. Journal of Consumer Research, 30, 199–218, (September).
Keaveney, S. M. (1995). Customer switching behavior in service industries: An exploratory study. Journal of Marketing, 59, 71–82, (April).
Kohli, A. K., Jaworski, B. J., & Kumar, A. (1993). MARKOR: A measure of market orientation. Journal of Marketing Research, 30, 467–477, (November).
Kumar, P., Kalwani, M. U., & Dada, M. (1997). The impact of waiting time guarantees on consumer waiting experiences. Marketing Science, 16(4), 295–314.
Maheswaran, D., & Meyers-Levy, J. (1990). The influence of message framing and issue involvement. Journal of Marketing Research, 27(3), 361–367.
Messinger, P. R., & Narasimhan, C. (1997). A model of retail formats based on consumers’ economizing on shopping time. Marketing Science, 16(1), 1–23.
Meuter, M. L., Ostrom, A. L., Roundtree, R. I., & Bitner, M. J. (2000). Self-service technologies: Understanding customer satisfaction with technology-based service encounters. Journal of Marketing, 64, 50–64, (July).
Mohr, L. A., & Bitner, M. J. (1995). The role of employee effort in satisfaction with service transactions. Journal of Business Research, 32, 239–252.
Morwitz, V., & Schmittlein, D. (1992). Using segmentation to improve sales forecasts based on purchase intent: Which ‘intenders’ actually buy? Journal of Marketing Research, 29, 391–405, (November).
Netemeyer, R. G., Bearden, W. O., & Sharma, S. (2003). Scaling procedures: Issues and applications. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Nickols, S. Y., & Fox, K. D. (1983). Buying time and saving Time: Strategies for managing household production. Journal of Consumer Research, 10, 197–208, (September).
O’Guinn, T. C., & Faber, R. J. (1989). Compulsive buying: A phenomenological exploration. Journal of Consumer Research, 16(2), 147–157.
Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., & Berry, L. L. (1994). Alternative scales for measuring service quality. Journal of Retailing, 70, 201–230, (Fall).
Rust, R. T., Lemon, K. N., & Zeithaml, V. A. (2004). Return on marketing: Using customer equity to focus marketing strategy. Journal of Marketing, 68, 109–127, (January).
Seiders, K., Berry, L. L., & Gresham, L. (2000). Attention retailers: How convenient is your convenience strategy? Sloan Management Review, 49(3), 79–90.
Seiders, K., Voss, G. B., Grewal, D., & Godfrey, A. L. (2005). Do satisfied customers buy more? Examining moderating influences in a retailing context. Journal of Marketing, 69, 26–43, (October).
Shimp, T. A., & Sharma, S. (1987). Consumer ethnocentrism: Construction and validation of the CETSCALE. Journal of Marketing Research, 24, 280–289, (August).
Smith, A. K., & Bolton, R. N. (2002). The effect of customers’ emotional responses to service failures on their recovery effort evaluations and satisfaction judgments. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 30(1), 5–23.
Szymanski, D. M., & Hise, R. T. (2000). e-Satisfaction: An initial examination. Journal of Retailing, 76, 309–322, (September).
Taylor, S. (1994). Waiting to service: The relationship between delays and evaluations on service. Journal of Marketing, 58, 56–69, (April).
Tian, K. T., Bearden, W. O., & Hunter, G. L. (2001). Consumers’ need for uniqueness: Scale development and validation. Journal of Consumer Research, 28, 50–66, (June).
Voss, G. B., Parasuraman, A., & Grewal, D. (1998). The role of price and quality perceptions in pre-purchase and post-purchase evaluation of services. Journal of Marketing, 62(3), 46–61.
Zeithaml, V. A., Berry, L. L., & Parasuraman, A. (1996). The behavioral consequences of service quality. Journal of Marketing, 60, 31–46, (April).
Acknowledgements
The authors thank the Marketing Science Institute for supporting this research.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Seiders, K., Voss, G.B., Godfrey, A.L. et al. SERVCON: development and validation of a multidimensional service convenience scale. J. of the Acad. Mark. Sci. 35, 144–156 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-006-0001-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-006-0001-5