Abstract
The fatty acid composition of 27 samples of commercial hydrogenated vegetable oils and 23 samples of refined oils such as sunflower oil, rice bran oil, soybean oil and RBD palmolein marketed in India were analyzed. Total cis, trans unsaturated fatty acids (TFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) were determined. Out of the 27 hydrogenated fats, 11 % had TFA about 1 % where as 11 % had more than 5 % TFA with an average value of about 13.1 %. The 18:1 trans isomers, elaidic acid was the major trans contributor found to have an average value of about 10.8 % among the fats. The unsaturated fatty acids like cis-oleic acid, linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid were in the range of 21.8–40.2, 1.9–12.2, 0.0–0.7 % respectively. Out of the samples, eight fats had fatty acid profiles of low TFA (less than 10 %) and high polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as linoleic and α-linolenic acid. They had a maximum TFA content of 7.3 % and PUFA of 11.7 %. Among the samples of refined oils, rice bran oil (5.8 %) and sunflower oil (4.4 %) had the maximum TFA content. RBD palmolein and rice bran oils had maximum saturated fatty acids content of 45.1 and 24.4 % respectively. RBD palmolein had a high monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) content of about 43.4 %, sunflower oil had a high linoleic acid content of about 56.1 % and soybean oil had a high α-linolenic acid content of about 5.3 %.
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Acknowledgments
The author is grateful to The Director, CFTRI, Mysore, and Head of The Department of Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Laboratory, Dr. Lalitha R Gowda for their support and encouragement in this work. The author also thanks Dr. Chetana R, for her assistance in performing statistical analyses.
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Amrutha Kala, A.L. cis-, trans- and Saturated Fatty Acids in Selected Hydrogenated and Refined Vegetable Oils in the Indian Market. J Am Oil Chem Soc 89, 1813–1821 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-012-2086-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-012-2086-y