Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Mechanical and Abrasive Wear Studies on Biobased Jatropha Oil Cake Incorporated Glass–Epoxy Composites

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society

Abstract

An investigation was made to evaluate the effect of the incorporation of jatropha oil cake (JOC) alone and in combination with silicon carbide (SiC) on the mechanical and tribological wear behaviour of glass fabric–epoxy (GE) composites. A vacuum-assisted resin transfer moulding (VARTM) technique was employed to obtain a series of GE composites containing different fillers viz., silicon carbide, jatropha oil cake and a mixture of SiC and JOC. The effect of different loads (22 and 32 N) and abrading distances from 135 to 540 m on the performance of the wear resistance of the composites were measured. The mechanical properties such as tensile behaviour and hardness of the composites were evaluated. A linear relationship was found between the wear volume loss and the abrading distances. The JOC filled GE composite exhibited a lower specific wear rate by 6 and 10% at 540 m abrading distance for a load of 22 and 32 N, respectively, as compared to that of unfilled GE composites. The worn surface features of unfilled and filled GE composites were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Katz HS, Mileski JV (1987) Handbook of fillers for plastics. Von Nostrand Reinhold, New York

    Google Scholar 

  2. El-Tayeb NSM, Yousif BF, Yap TC (2006) Tribological studies of polyester reinforced with CSM 450-R-glass fiber sliding against smooth stainless steel counter face. Wear 261:443–452

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Pihtili H, Tosun N (2002) Effect of load and speed on the wear behaviour of woven glass fabrics and aramid fibre-reinforced composites. Wear 252:979–984

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. El-Tayeb NSM, Yousif BF (2007) Evaluation of glass fibre reinforced polyester composite for multi-pass abrasive wear applications. Wear 262:1140–1151

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Yousif BF, El-Tayeb NSM (2007) Effect of water as lubricant on friction and wear properties of CGRP composite evaluated by POD and BOR techniques. Surf Rev Lett 14:185–191

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Gohar R, Rahnejet H (2008) Fundamentals of tribology. Imperial College Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  7. (1987) Standard terminology relating to wear and erosion, Annual book of standards, ASTM, 03.02:243–250

  8. Pirso J, Viljus M, Juhani K, Letunovits S (2009) Two-body dry abrasive wear of cements. Wear 266:21–29

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Bolvari AE, Gleen SB (1996) Abrasive wear of polymer composites. Eng Plast 9:205–206

    Google Scholar 

  10. Friedrich K, Reinicke P (1998) Friction and wear of polymer based composites. Mech Compos Mater 34:503–514

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Bijwe J, Twear US, Vasudevan P (1989) Friction and wear studies of a sort glass-fibre-reinforced polyetherimide composite. Wear 132:247–264

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Sun NP, Sin CH, Saka N (1980) Fundamentals of tribology. MIT Press, USA

    Google Scholar 

  13. Pihtili H, Tosun N (2002) Investigation of the wear behaviour of a glass-fibre-reinforced composite and plain polyester resin. Compos Sci Tech 62:367–370

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Bhawani ST, Michael JF (1993) Tribological behaviour of unidirectional graphite-epoxy and carbon-PEEK composite. Wear 162:385–396

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. A. F. Marco, (1997) Skateboard grip tape US Patent 5622759

  16. Suresha B, Chandramohan G, Kishore, Sampathkumaran P, Seetharamu S (2008) Role of fillers on three-body abrasive wear behavior of glass fabric reinforced epoxy composites. Polym Compos 30:1106–1113

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Kishore P, Sampathkumaran S, Seetharamu P, Thomas M, Janardhana (2008) A study on the effect of the type and content of filler in epoxy–glass composite system on the friction and slide wear characteristics. Wear 259:634–641

    Google Scholar 

  18. Pihtili H (2009) An experimental investigation of wear of glass fibre–epoxy resin and glass fibre–polyester resin composite materials. Eur Polym J 45:149–154

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Basavarajappa S, Ellangovan S, Arun KV (2009) Studies on dry sliding wear behaviour of graphite filled glass–epoxy composites. Mater Des 30:2670–2675

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Biswas S, Satapathy A (2009) Tribo-performance analysis of red mud filled glass epoxy composites using Taguchi experimental design. Mater Des 30:2841–2853

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Suresha B, Chandramohan G, Siddaramaiah, Jayaraju T (2008) Influence of cenosphere filler additions on the three-body abrasive wear behaviour of glass fiber-reinforced epoxy composites. Polym Compos 29:307–312

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Syed MZ, Siddaramaiah, Suresha B, Syed AA (2009) Mechanical and abrasive wear behavior of coleus spent filled unsaturated polyester/polymethyl methacrylate semi interpenetrating polymer network composites. J Compos Mater 43:2387

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Satheesh Kumar MN, Yaakob Z, Abdulla RS (2009) Applications of jatropha oil seed crop. Recent Pat Mater Sci 2:131–139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Makkar HPS, Francis G, Becker K (2008) Protein concentrate from Jatropha curcas screw-pressed seed cake and toxic and antinutritional factors in protein concentrate. J Sci Food Agric 88:1542–1548

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Rao AV, Satapathy A, Mishra SC (2007) Future trends in composite materials and processing. Proceedings of international and INCCOM-6 conference. Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur

    Google Scholar 

  26. Dwivedi UK, Chand N (2008) Influence of wood flour loading on tribological behaviour of epoxy composites. Polym Compos 29:1189–1192

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Bhuyan S, Sundararajan S, Pfister D, Larock RC (2010) Effect of filler composition and crosslinker concentration on the tribological behavior of spent germ particle-based polymeric composites. Tribol Int (In press)

  28. Chisholm N, Mahfuzi H, Rangari V, Rodgers R, Jeelani S (2004) Synthesis and mechanical characterization of carbon/epoxy composites reinforced with SiC nano particles. NSTI-Nanotech 3:302–307

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Somiya S, Inomata Y (1991) Silicon carbide ceramics: fundamental and solid reaction. Elsevier, London,UK

    Google Scholar 

  30. Suresha B, Chandramohan G, Siddaramaiah, Samapthkumaran P, Seetharam S (2007) Three-body abrasive wear behaviour of carbon and glass fibre reinforced epoxy composites. Mater Sci Eng A 443:285–291

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Kishore P, Sampathkumaran S, Seetharamu S, Vynatheya S, Murali A, Kumar RK (2000) SEM observations of the effects of velocity and load on the sliding wear characteristics of glass fabric–epoxy composites with different fillers. Wear 237:20–27

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Morkoc H (1994) Large-band-gap SiC, III-V nitride, and II-VI ZnSe-based semiconductor device technologies. J Appl Phys 76:1363

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to National University of Malaysia (UKM) for the financial support under the project UKM-OUP-TK-16-68/2008 to carry out this project.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, National University of Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia

    M. N. Satheesh Kumar & Z. Yaakob

  2. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620015, India

    N. Mohan & S. P. Kumaresh Babu

  3. Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, SJCE Campus, Mysore, 570006, India

    Siddaramaiah

Authors
  1. M. N. Satheesh Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Z. Yaakob
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. N. Mohan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Siddaramaiah
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. S. P. Kumaresh Babu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. N. Satheesh Kumar.

About this article

Cite this article

Satheesh Kumar, M.N., Yaakob, Z., Mohan, N. et al. Mechanical and Abrasive Wear Studies on Biobased Jatropha Oil Cake Incorporated Glass–Epoxy Composites. J Am Oil Chem Soc 87, 929–936 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-010-1575-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-010-1575-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation