Abstract
The sardine canning industry produces vast quantities of effluents that need expensive reprocessing. Their oily component contains valuable n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, namely EPA (5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (7,10,13, 16,19-docosahexaenoic acid), up to 10% each. Our aim was to develop a process allowing the recovery of these fatty acids. After removing solid particles, proteins, and peptides from the crude effluent, the obtained oil was hydrolyzed. EPA and DHA were enriched from the recovered free fatty acid fraction by selective enzymatic esterification. Lipases were used as biocatalysts: LipozymeTM allowed up to 80% DHA enrichment but gave no EPA enrichment. By immobilizing Candida rugosa lipase on Amberlite IRC50 cation-exchange resin, a 30% EPA enrichment was obtained.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Lim, B.O., K. Yamada, P. Hung, T. Watanabe, S. Taniguchi, and M. Sugano, Effects of n−3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Lectins on Immunoglobulin Production by Spleen Lymphocytes of Sprague-Dawley Rats, Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 60:1025–1027 (1996).
Meydani, S.N., A.H. Lichtenstein, S. Cornwall, M. Meydani, B.R. Goldin, H. Rasmussen, C.A. Dinarello, and E.J. Schaefer, Immunologic Effects of National Cholesterol Education Panel Step-2 Diets With and Without Fish-Derived n−3 Fatty Acid Enrichment, J. Clin. Investig. 92:105–113 (1993).
Nielsen, G.L., E. Ernst, and E.B. Schmidt, Fish Oil and Rhematoid Arthritis: A Review of Clinical Studies, Omega 3 News 9:1–4 (1994).
Malasanos, T.H., and P.W. Stacpoole, Biological Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Care 14: 1160–1179 (1991).
Raccah, D., T. Coste, A. Gerbi, and P. Vague, Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Diabetes, Cah. Nutr. Diét. 32:349–357 (1997).
Nilsson, W.B., E.J. Gauglitz, J.K. Hudson, V.F. Stout, and J. Spinelli, Fractionation of Menhaden Oil Ethyl Esters Using Supercritical Fluid CO2, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 65:109–117 (1988).
Nilsson, W.B., E.J. Gauglitz, J.K. Hudson, V.F. Stout, and J. Spinelli, Supercritical Fluid Fractionation of Fish Oil Esters Using Incremental Pressure Programming and Temperature Gradient, ——Ibid. 66:1596–1600 (1989).
Krukonis, V.J., Supercritical Fluid Fractionation of Fish Oils. Concentrations of Eicosapentaenoic Acid, ——Ibid. 61:698 (1984).
Staby, A., C. Borch-Jensen, and J.M. Mollerup, Partition Coefficients and Solubility of Urea-Fractionated Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters from Fish Oil in Supercritical CO2 Fat Sci. Technol. 96:299–304 (1994).
Moffat, C.F., A.S. McGill, R. Hardy and R.S. Anderson, The Production of Fish Oils Enriched in Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid-Containing Triglycerides, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 70:133–136 (1993).
Wille, H.J., H. Traitler, and S.A. Kelly, Production of Polyenoic Fish Oil Fatty Acids by Combined Urea Fractionation and Industrial Scale Preparative “HPLC”, Rev. Fr. Corps Gras 34:69–74 (1987).
Langholz, P., P. Andersen, T. Forskov, and W. Schmidtsdorff, Application of Mucor miehei Lipase to Concentrate Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA), J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 66:1120–1123 (1989).
Hoshino, T., T. Yamane, and S. Shimizu, Selective Hydrolysis of Fish Oil by Lipase to Concentrate n−3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Agric. Biol. Chem. 54:1459–1467 (1990).
McNeill, G.P., R.G. Ackman, and S.R. Moore, Lipase-Catalyzed Enrichment of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 73:1403–1407 (1996).
Tanaka, Y., T. Funada, J. Hirano, and R. Hashizume, Triglyceride Specificity of Candida cylindracea Lipase: Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid on Resistance of Triglyceride to Lipase, ——Ibid. 70:1031–1034 (1993).
Tanaka, Y., J. Hirano, and T. Funada, Concentration of Docosahexaenoic Acid in Glyceride by Hydrolysis of Fish Oil with Candida cylindracea Lipase, ——Ibid. 69:1210–1214 (1992).
Mukherjee, K.D., I. Kiewitt, and M.J. Hills, Substrate Specificity of Lipases in View of Kinetic Resolution of Unsaturated Fatty Acids, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 40:489–493 (1993).
Schmitt-Rozieres, M., G. Vanot, V. Deyris, and L.C. Comeau, Borago officinalis Oil: Fatty Acid Fractionation by Immobilized Candida rugosa Lipase, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 76:557–562 (1999).
Vogel, A.I., Practical Organic Chemistry, 3rd edn., Longmans, London, 1956, pp. 971.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
About this article
Cite this article
Schmitt-Rozieres, M., Deyris, V. & Comeau, LC. Enrichment of polyunsaturated fatty acids from sardine cannery effluents by enzymatic selective esterification. J Amer Oil Chem Soc 77, 329–332 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-000-0053-1
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-000-0053-1